Question

Choose a middle-range theory or grand theory that, in your opinion, can be applied to research. What are the assumptions underpinning this theory? Discuss how this theory finds application in research.

Answer 1

Grand theory is most complex and broadest in scope.

The application of Grand theory in nursing is non-specific

IIt composed of relatively abstract concepts that lack operational definitions such as self-care, adaptation, human unitary human beings.

It originates from thought, not from empirical science: and is developed through thoughtful and insightful appraisal of existing deals as opposed to empirical research

The conceptual frameworks for this theory are considerable;
The examples of the grand theory are Orem's theory, Roy's theory, and Rogers theory

*Middle range theories are specific and describes phenomena; explains relationships between phenomena; predicts the effects of phenomena on another.

This theory consists of a limited number of concepts and can be concrete and can be operationalized.

It often can be empirically tested and they get more specific

Its concepts are relatively concrete and can be operationally defined

It encompasses more limited aspects of the real world

The propositions between concepts are relatively concrete and can be empirically tested

This theory can be used well for addressing specific patient populations  

The examples of middle-range theories are Benner, Pender and Leidinger and Pender

We can see Pederson Health Promotion Model. It is a Middle Range theory.

The health promotion can be achieved by changing behavior and creating an individualized communication to meet the unique needs of the individual, thus we can apply it to the research

The assumptions underpinning this theory are:

# Persons seek to create conditions of living through which they can express their unique human health potential

#Persons have the capacity for reflective self-awareness, including assessment of their own competencies

# Person value growth directions viewed as positive and attempt to achieve a personally acceptable balance between change and stability

# Individuals seeks to actively regulate their own behavior

#Individuals in all their biopsychosocial complexity interact with the environment, progressively transforming the environment and being transformed over time  

# Health professionals constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, which exerts influence on persons throughout their lifespan

#Self-initiated reconfiguration of the person-environment interactive pattern is essential to behavior change

According to Pender et al; Patients will act in their own best interest, changing dangerous behaviors and increasing healthy practices if they have the knowledge, tools, and incentives to do so

# "Promoting Prevention and Early Recognition of Malignant Melanoma"

Purpose:

Use the Pender Health Promotion Model to examine the contributing factors, facilitators and barriers to surveillance and sun-protective behaviors.

To examine health-promoting lifestyle behaviors using Pederson Health Promotion Model

Supports need for the development of holistic nursing interventions to promote self-care strategies include educational/experiential classes in holistic nursing; individualized unit based activities fostering stress management such as massage, reflexology, and imagery as well as a development of an employee wellness program.

The health promotion behavior is influenced by individual characteristics and behavior-specific cognitions and emotion that result in a commitment to action

It focuses on individual factors and socio-environmental factors that impact health promotion behaviors