Question

I need an example of two lines of evidence for evolution and an explanation for how they support evolution. Specifically, biochemistry and direct observation (lab and field studies) Also, how is molecular data used to make a cladogram

Answer 1

1) There are evolutionary changes happened in animal coloration that was the result of natural selection. Darwin's contemporaries explained camouflage, mimicry, and warning coloration all, by natural selection. 2) By observation, we realize that the land animals have evolved from aquatic animals. Frogs and other amphibians make a connecting link between land and aquatic animals.

A cladogram is a tree-like structure on which the evolutionary groups and characters are shwon., to exhibit how they are related. A cladogram can be constructed taking the ancestor as the out group. From the ancestor, the derived character distinguishes the group one step above, marking and labelling a small line for the character. Thus each group are shown one by one towards the top of the tree as the derived character separates from the group below. The topmost group has the maximum derived characters and will be the distantly related group from the ancestor.

Molecular data can be used to construct a phylogenetic tree or cladogram looking into the similarities and differences in the nucleotides of different groups.