Jaundice indicates that there is important problem with the function of your liver, gall bladder, pancreas or RBC s. The major cause for jaundice is inflammatory condition of the liver. This may be due to infections, blood loss, medication or drug toxicity, autoimmune disease or alcohol or other toxic substances. The liver when inflamed or when the bile duct get obstructed, this leads to jaundice.
The patient may present with fatigue, lethargy, loss of appetite, nausea ,vomiting , ascites and highly elevated liver enzymes.
When the blood sugar levels are high, insulin gets released from the pancreas to the blood, and cause decrease in blood glucose levels. Insulin stimulate glycogen synthesis in the liver, promote uptake of glucose by liver and adipose tissue and also increase the glucose break down rate. These actions lead to the decrease in blood levels of glucose.
When the levels of glucose are low in the blood, like after strenuous work or fasting, Glucagon from the alpha cells of pancreas are released to the blood. They stimulate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and effect the release of glucose by liver and adipose tissues to the blood. Glucagon also reduces glucose break down. All these cause the blood glucose levels in the blood to rise.
The excretion of insulin from the body is by the kidney and the liver. And also by its interaction with the insulin receptors present on liver, muscle and fat cells.
Glucagon is metabolized in the liver, kidney and plasma into smaller polypeptides and amino acids. Kidney and liver are through which Glucagon is excreted.
describe jaundice and its role in liver ? Difference between glucagon and insulin? how this is...
Role of the Pancreas Key: pancreas glucagon endocrine insulin exocrine Type II diabetes Type I diabetes ________________ is gland located under the stomach that produces insulin and glucagon The pancreas has an _______________ function to secrete sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes and also an ________________function to secrete insulin and glucagon hormones _____________ is the only hormone that causes blood sugar levels to lower as it signals cells to take up glucose for their energy source and signals the liver...
Insulin and glucagon release from the pancreas is a vital part
of the negative feedback loop that regulates blood glucose levels.
Let's review how insulin and glucagon release change in response to
plasma glucose levels and how that helps keep plasma glucose
constant.
Drag the labels onto the figure to create a flow chart of how
insulin and glucagon release change in different circumstances to
keep blood glucose within a normal range.
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secrete less glucagon
secrete less glucagon...
diagram how plasma glucose levels are sensed by the pancreas to release either insulin or glucagon to maintain plasma glucose levels at relatively stable levels. At a minimum, your diagram or illustration should include the following terms: endocrine pancreas, islets, alpha-cells, beta-cells, glucose, GLUT2, GLUT4, insulin, glucagon, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.
Briefly describe the impact of exercise on circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine.
a. What is the difference between pathologic jaundice and physiological jaundice? b. Why do many newborns experience physiological jaundice? c. How is jaundice monitored? d. What is phototherapy? e. What would the nurse educate parents dealing with jaundice about?
Explain how insulin and glucagon regulate the balance (i.e, homeostasis) between glycogen and glucose when epinephrine (i.e., adrenalin) is not involved.
Describe the glucagon and epinephrine effect on the glycogen metabolism in the liver and the muscle. -full points are awarded only when all the signaling transduction pathways are described in details for each hormonal regulation.
Describe the role of the malate aspartate shuttle (22.8) in moving cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria and transporting aspartate out of the mitochondria 15: Describe the role of anaerobic glycolysis in the red blood cell 16: Determine the impact of glucagon, insulin, cortisol and epinephrine on the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue 17: Describe the roles and regulation of citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle 17: Describe the regulation of hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphofructokinase-1...
Describe the role of the liver in digestion.
(5) Describe the chemical properties of zinc that are relevant to its catalytic role in hydrolytic enzymes (6) The protein liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) contains two zinc sites. The first has 4 cysteine ligands and the second has 2 histidine, 2 cysteine and one water ligand. Explain why there is a difference and how the difference relate to the function of LADH?
(5) Describe the chemical properties of zinc that are relevant to its catalytic role in hydrolytic enzymes (6)...