Question

What is glomerular filtration rate? How is it determined? What is the significance of changes in Glomerular filtration rate in health?

Urinary system: Review 1. Describe the functions of the kidney. 2. List the nitrogenous wastes of metabolism, What are their origins? 3. Compare azotemia and uremia. 4. Describe the gross anatomy of the urinary system. 5. Give an overview of the pathway of urine flow from the kidney to leaving the body. Describe the structure of a nephron. V7. How is the glomerulus adapted forfiltration? 8. Discuss the functional regions of the nephron 6. X9. What is glomerular filtration rate? How is it determined? What is the significance of changes in GFR in health? 10. Describe the autoregulation of GFR. 11. List extrinsic influences that affect GFR. 12. Describe the normal composition of urine. 13. Compare polyuria, oligouria, anuria. 14. Compare the function of the bladder with the function of the kidneys. 15. How do hormones influence blood pressure/water balance? 16. Correlate the different types of diabetes with glycemia and glucosuria. tha comnositions of plasma with glomerular filtrate.

Answer 1

Glomerular filtration rate also known as GFR is the volume of fluid filtered out from the renal glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time.

GFR is measured through following equation :

GFR = (urine concentration x urine flow)/ plasma concentration

GFR is measured in milliliters per minute.

Measure of GFR indicates severity of kidney disease. Decline in GFR is indicative of decreased renal function.

Normal kidney function – GFR above 90 mL/min/1.73 m²

CKD1 — GFR above 90 mL/min/1.73 m² with renal damage

CKD2 (mild) – GFR of 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m²

CKD3 (moderate) – GFR of 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m²

CKD4 (severe) – GFR of 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73 m²

CKD5 kidney failure – GFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²