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Hi! I’m wondering if anyone can help with these physics problems from my exam krackers book? I am studying for the mcat and the explanations in the book and student doctor are not helping me. Thanks so much!!
A. 2A B. 3 A C. 6A D. 12 A after the circuit has been on a long time? 12 V 2Ω 2Ω A. 1.2 x 10s C B. 2.5 x 106 C C. 6.0 x 10 C D. 1.7×10-7 C
ERhal to the ground at lower tential to the ground at higher potential to a cloud at lower potential to a cloud at higher Neuromodulation is the application of therapeutic levels of electrical current for the treatment of medical discases. Clinically, this is pulse generator (IPG) to deliver electrical stimuli to tissue. The electrical stimuli generates an action potential which modulates the release of neurotransmitters. Some examples of tn used in medical practice include deep brain stimulation s and spinal cord stimulation (SCS), which inhibits the release of neurotransmitters that signal for pain, SCS may be used for patients with chronic back pain who fail medical therapy The devices are powered by a sealed medical grade battery within the IPG. The devices lifetime depends on the energy capacity of the battery and the rate of energy depletion. is dictated by the circuit elements. The power consumed during electrical stimulation depends on the three major components: the current, the resistance of the tissue (R), and the internal resistance of the battery (R). In order to prolong the life of the battery, engineers design IPGs that deliver the majority of power to the tissue, while minimizing power lost through internal resistance. Additionally, adjacent tissue can also be added in parallel to the circuit to achieve neuromodulation at multiple sites. If the electrodes of the IPG are attached to an axon, the axon may exhibit resistive properties analogous to a wire, as given in Equation 1, where R-resistance, L = length, A-cross-sectional surface area, and p- electrical resistivity Equation 1 In general, the axonal resistance is negligible relative to the resistance of the neuromodulation circuit. However, in the event that the axonal resistance becomes contributory, it must be factored in when computing an IPGs lifetime due to additional power consumption This passage was adapted from Energy Efficient Neural Stimulation: Cospling Cincuit Design and Membeane Biophysics Foutz T3, Ackermann DM Jr, Kilgore KI, Mclntyre CC. PleS ONE 712e1901. doi: 10.1371 joumal pone.0051901 for use under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY 3.0 license http/iereativecommons org licenses by/3.0 legaloode). 76. Which of the following conditions will maximize the power delivered to the tissue? A. Increasing the internal resistance B. Increasing the tissue resistance C. Decreasing the tissue resistance D. Decreasing the battery voltage 77. The current delivered to the tissue is given by: A. V(R). B. V(R). C. V(R+R. D. V(I/R +/R
ewolved divergenly in respor Mammalian bones have selective pressures of their spetvea 2 show the lever system in the forel hoses is to act as Each lever system allows for a rat mammals take advantage Passage I (Questions 24-30) of limb movement suited to its as in-Koce to an out-force via a center of rms exist: first order mammalian bones is to act as f third ornder ever wyn running An important function of many rotation or fslcram. Three orders of lever a wbere the fulcrum separates the in-force and the out-force, onder where the in-force and out-force are on the same side out force is nearest to the fulerum, and thind order where are also on the same side but the in-force is nearest the fuleram. le manmalian bone lever systems, the in-force is supplied by a musele, one end of which is attached to the bone at the point where can be kept close to the body n unne strides besswif running mammals, thendby on unnecessary movements; short into long strides. The mass has been reduced in th both forces these swift ǐlerce is applied and the other end of which is anchored to a separate bone closer to the body Fulcram Fulcrum Line of Muscle Action (in-force) Line of Muscle Ac (in-Sorce) In-lever Arm In-lever Arm Out-lever Arm Out-lever Arm Force exerted on Giround Force exerted on Ground (out-force) (out-force) Figure 2 26. If the out-lever arm in Figure 1 is 1 m and the in-lever arm Figure 1 24. Whar typs of lever is shown in Fiure ?7 A. First order B. Second order C. Third order D. It cannot be determined from the figure. is 10 cm, and the mammal applies an in-force of 10 N,what will be the approximate out-force A. 1N В.ION C. 40N D. 100 N 25. Assuming the figures are drawn to scale, if the same in- force is applied to each lever system, which lever system will have the greatest out-force? A. The lever system in Figure I B. The lever system in Figure 2 C. The out-force would be the same in both lever systems D. The answer cannot be determined from the information 27. The animal in Figure 2 is well adapted for rapid digging I we assume ideal conditions for the lever system in Figure 2. compared to the in-force supplied by the muscle,the ou- force must: A. do less work. B. do more work. C. be less than the in-force. D. be greater than the in-force. given. EXAMKRACKERS MrA
9. Which position has the greatest in-lever arm? A. B. C. D. 30. Relative to second order levers, the third order levers present in musculoskeletal systems confer which of the following advantages and disadvantages? A. Decrease the force required to move the load; B. Increase the distance over which the load is moved; C. Decrease the force required to move the load; D. Decrease the work required to move the load: decrease the distance over which the load is moved increase the force required to move the load increase the work required to move the load increase the force required to move the load
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1-9 2 12V 2. afor very long tme crent i beaneh -6

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