In the case, Uzan vs 845 UN, liquidated damages are enforceable. According to the Lawrence rule of real estate law, there are two legal principles for the real estate transactions, namely:
1-The vendor can retain his down payment without any reference to the actual damages (such as the terrorist attack).
2-This is the parent rule and the first rule is based upon this parent rule. The parent rule states that one who breaches the contract cannot recover the value of his payment/part performance. In this case, Uzan cannot recover the down payment as they were the ones who breached the contract.
Additionally, the parties were sophisticated business parties who were represented by attorneys and they had spent a considerable amount of time in discussion with 845 UN before they executed the contract. The purchase agreement clearly had a clause that stated that the 25% down payment was a non-refundable amount and the plaintiffs had accepted for this term in the contract. The counsel who represented the plaintiff just negotiated on the amendment to the clause of payment method and not on the ‘refundable’ part. Also, it is a requirement in real estate that for luxury pre-construction condominiums, an initial down payment of 25% non-refundable amount is a default amount. Hence, it is clear from the reasons above that the plaintiffs (Uzans) cannot claim their down payment in full or in part. Thus, liquidated damages are enforceable.
Read and address your opinion on the case using language from the chapter. 16.1 Liquidated Damages...