a. Show that Eq. 5.22 is approximated by the first of Eqs. 15.23 for r ≪ a (Figure 15.7)....

a. Show that Eq. 5.22 is approximated by the first of Eqs. 15.23 for r ≪ a (Figure 15.7).

b. Determine the error in the first of Eqs. 15.23 for r = 0.02a, r = 0.06a, and r = 0.10a.

 (5.22)

 (15.23)

FIGURE 15.7 Relative displacement of crack surfaces.