The developmental process of forebrain structures such as temporal lobe and basal ganglia are studied in young-children and monkeys.
The “nonmatching-to-sample learning task” is used to measure the function of the temporal lobe. The “concurrent discrimination task” is used to measure the functioning of the basal ganglia.
By the parallel observation of development of behaviour and brains structures, some inferences can be made regarding the associations between the brain and behaviour. However, the correlation between two does not prove that one of them cause the other.