According to Skinner, behavior can be changed with events occurred afterwards known as operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is also a learning behavior or process that can be defined as a method that attempts to change actions or behavior by using either negative or positive reinforcement. An instinct is defined as a standard pattern of actions in various animals with response to an impulse or stimuli.
Classical conditioning is a higher order is the learning process that meticulously happens if two stimuli are continuously paired leading to involuntary response, is at initial one followed by elicitation of second stimulus. This learning occurs due to repeated organizations of behavior between stimuli involving a biologically relevant stimulus.
The learning process known as Classical conditioning takes place when an impulse or stimulus that is constantly paired.
The behavioural theorists such as Skinner and Pavlov have typically explained about the individuals with the cognitive dysfunctioning, children and adolescents.
As per this theory, all behaviour is acquired by learning, so it can be unlearned by either the positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement.
Psychologist, Joseph Wolpe has described systematic desensitization at the time of anxiety or fear.
Thus, the options (b), (c) and (d) are incorrect.
According to Skinner, behavior can be changed with events occurred afterwards known as operant conditioning.
Therefore, the correct option is – a. operant conditioning..