The surface tension of water, a needed quantity in several of the following problems, is related to temperature according to the expression σ = 0.1232 [1 − 0.00146 T] , where σ is in N/m and T is in K. In the English system with σ given in lbf/ft and T in ?F, the surface tension may be calculated from σ = (8.44 × 10−3) [1 = 0.00082 T].
Plot values of the heat-transfer coefficient for the case of pool boiling of water on horizontal metal surfaces at 1 atm total pressure and surface temperatures varying from 390 to 450 K. Consider the following metals: (a) nickel; (b) copper; (c) platinum; (d) brass.
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