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Problems are listed in approximate order of difficulty. A single dot (•) indicates straigh...

Problems are listed in approximate order of difficulty. A single dot (•) indicates straightforward problems involving just one main concept and sometimes requiring no more than substitution of numbers in the appropriate formula. Two dots (••) identify problems that are slightly more challenging and usually involve more than one concept. Three dots (•••) indicate problems that are distinctly more challenging, either because they are intrinsically difficult or involve lengthy calculations. Needless to say, these distinctions are hard to draw and are only approximate.

• A typical chemical bond in a biological molecule has a strength of a few eV — let’s say 4 eV to be specific. (a) Can low-intensity microwave radiation with wavelength 1 cm break a bond, thus causing a mutation in a DNA molecule? (Very high-intensity microwave radiation, such as is found inside a microwave oven, will heat biological tissue, thus causing burn damage.) (b) What is the minimum wavelength necessary for a photon to be able to break a 4-eV chemical bond? (c) What type of photon has this minimum wavelength? (Blue? IR? etc.)

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Solutions For Problems in Chapter 4