For the following processes, state whether each of the four thermodynamic quantities q, w, ∆U, and ∆H is greater than, equal to, or less than zero for the system described. Consider all gases to behave ideally. State explicitly any reasonable assumptions that you may need to make.
a. Two copper bars, one initially at 80°C and the other initially at 20°C, are brought into contact with each other in a thermally insulated compartment and then allowed to come to equilibrium.
b. A sample of liquid in a thermally insulated container (a calorimeter) is stirred for 1 h by a mechanical linkage to a motor in the surroundings.
c. A sample of H2 gas is mixed with an equimolar amount of N2 gas at the same temperature and pressure under conditions where no chemical reaction occurs between them.
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