Odors in wastewater are caused chiefly by the products of the anaerobic reduction of organic nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds. Hydrogen sulfide is a major component of wastewater odors; however, this chemical is by no means the only odor producer since serious odors can also result in its absence. Air oxidation can be used to remove odors, but chlorine is the preferred treatment because it not only destroys H2S and other odorous compounds, but it also retards the growth of bacteria that cause the compounds in the first place. As a specific example, HOCl reacts with H2S as follows in low-pH solutions:
HOCl + H2S → S + HCl + H2O
If the actual plant practice calls for 100% excess HOCl (to make sure of the destruction of the H2S because of the reaction of HOCl with other substances), how much HOCl (5% solution) must be added to 1 L of a solution containing 50 ppm H2S?
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