The owners of a cabin in the mountains forgot to turn off and purge the water out of the...

The owners of a cabin in the mountains forgot to turn off and purge the water out of the plumbing system before the winter season. One particularly cold night, a pipe near an outside wall freezes. Consider a length of copper plumbing pipe filled with water. Although called the outside diameter of this standard pipe is and the inside diameter is 0.537 in. (a) Water freezes in a 50-cm length of this pipe capped at both ends by closed valves such that the expansion of the ice is constrained by the pipe. Calculate the pressure on the wall of the pipe. (b) Is the diameter of the pipe just before the water freezes significantly different from the diameter at room temperature? What is the percent change? (c) The pipe has a connection (Fig. P14.68). Assume the water freezes so that the separation between ice and water occurs right in the middle of the connector. Calculate the force that pulls on the connector when the water freezes.