Problem

Fluoridation of drinking water is employed in many places to aid in the prevention of toot...

Fluoridation of drinking water is employed in many places to aid in the prevention of tooth decay. Typically the F- ion concentration is adjusted to about 1 ppb. Some water supplies are also “hard”; that is, they contain certain cations such as Ca2+ that interfere with the action of soap. Consider a case where the concentration of Ca2+ is 8 ppb. Could a precipitate of CaF2 form under these conditions? (Make any necessary approximations.)

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