The thermal destruction of hazardous wastes involves the controlled exposure of waste to high temperatures (usually 900ºC or greater) in an oxidizing environment. Types of thermal destruction equipment include high-temperature boilers, cement kilns, and industrial furnaces in which hazardous waste is burned as fuel. In a properly designed system, primary fuel (100% combustible material) is mixed with waste to produce a feed for the boiler.
a. Sand containing 30% by weight of 4,4’-dichlorobiphenyl [an example of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)] is to be cleaned by combustion with excess hexane to produce a feed that is 60% combustible by weight. To decontaminate 8 tons of such contaminated sand, how many pounds of hexane would be required?
b. Write the two reactions that would take place under ideal conditions if the mixture of hexane and the contaminated sand were fed to the thermal oxidation process to produce the most environmentally satisfactory products. How would you suggest treating the exhaust from the burner? Explain.
c. The incinerator is supplied with an oxygen-enriched airstream containing 40% O2 and 60% N2 to promote high-temperature operation. The exit gas is found to have a composition of xCO2 5 0.1654 and xO2 5 0.1220. Use this information and the data about the feed composition to find (a) the complete exit gas concentrations and (b) the percent excess O2 used in the reaction.
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