Question

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1. What is a vaccine? Summarize how vaccines work.

2. Which disease still need an effective vaccine? What makes you think so?

Please complete my answer

1. Ans- Vaccines are substances that boost the body's immune system. Vaccines conatin disease causing microbes that are killed.

2. Ans- Hepatitis A still need an effective vaccine because it is an asymptomatic and a dangerous disease.

Answer 1

1) vaccines are substance that boost the body's immune system. Vaccine contain disease causing microbes that are killed or weakened microbes or their toxins or proteins.

A vaccine works by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria. Vaccine prepare the body to fight disease without exposing it to disease symptoms. When foreign invaders such as bacteria, virus, enter the body immune cells called lymphocytes respond by producing antibodies , which are protein molecule . Antibody goes to site of infection or goes to antigen and binds with antigen and forms a antigen - antibody complex and kills foreign particles or microorganisms.

2) Hepatitis A still need an effective vaccine because it is an asymptomatic and dangerous disease.

Hepatitis A is caused by virus. ,which infects liver cells and causes inflammation. Mainly spread by contaminated food and water. Initially it shows no symptoms at later stage shows vigorous sign and symptoms. Which are not curable. Specific no medicine available to cure infection with hepatitis A,.

Since it is a viral disease so virus replicate themselves very quickly within microseconds. So they change their RNA within fraction of seconds. So it's very difficult to prepare a effective vaccine