Question

BrEtOH a OEt Hace H2C Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. When the kinetics of the reaction are measured, if the rate of the reaction is found to be dependent only upon the concentration of the alkyl halide the reaction is first order. The substitution reaction is thus termed ction is termed E1. These reactions are unimolecular and occur in two steps. The first step is rate-limiting and involves the loss of the leaving group to form a carbocation. In the second fast, step the nucleophile adds to the carbocation in the Syl reaction or elimination occurs to give an alkene in the E1 reaction. Because the carbocation is planar, the nucleophile can add to either face and therefore racemization is usually observed although solvent effects can influence this somewhat. E1 elimination follows Zaitsev's rule and typically yields the most substituted alkene as the major product. Conditions which favor the SN1/E1 pathway include the use of a weak nucleophile and a polar protic solvent. The same reaction conditions apply for both Syl and El, therefore these reactions will compete. It is usually difficult to predict which pathway, substitution or elimination, will predominate and so a mixture of products is frequently observed. In contrast to the E1 reaction which involves a carbocation intermediate, the E1cB reaction takes place through a carbanion intermediate. Base-induced abstraction of a proton in a slow rate- limiting step gives an anion which then expels the leaving group from the adjacent carbon. The reaction is particularly suited to the elimination of substrates which contain poor leaving groups two carbons removed from a carbonyl group. The poor leaving group disfavors the alternative E1 and E2 reactions, and the carbonyl group helps to stabilize the anion via resonance. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions + XT Previous Next
Please, make the answer clear and reable.

Answer 1

IO+ H2c? CH2 EtOH - > H2C? H2 Explanation: The electron density on oxygen atom attacks the empty orbital of carbocation and produces oxonium cation as product.

Answer 2

I think its red. But im not sure.