Question

2. Discuss the domains of Maslow's hierarchy. 3. What is body image? In what ways does body image influ- ence a patient's anxieties about surgery? 4. What methods would you use in therapeutic communi- cation? 5. Define cultural competence. Why is cultural competence important in health care? What is the difference between cultural competence and diversity awareness?

Answer 1

2. Domains of Maslow's hierarchy are :-

Step 1

Physiological Needs

Physiological -

Includes the need for air , water, food , and sex

Step 2

Security Needs

Security -

Includes the need for safety, order, and freedom from fear or threat

Step 3

Affiliation Needs

Belongingness and love (or social need)

Includes the need for love, affection, feelings of belonging, and human contact

Step 4

Esteem Needs

Esteem -

Includes the need for self-respect, self-esteem, achievement, and respect from others

Step 5

Self-Actualization Needs

Self-Actualization -

Includes the need to grow, to feel fulfilled, to realize one's potential.

3. Body image is the mental representation taht a person has of his or her own body , including perception , attitudes , thoughts and emotions . Body image influences a patients anxieties about surgery because patients have the perception in their mind that there body image will change after surgeries .

4. Methods that are used in therapeutic communication are :-

a. Open ended questions

- communication starter

- requires more than a yes or no answer

ex: how have you been feeling lately? what brought you to the hospital?

b. offering general leads

- encourage patient to verbalize, take direction in convo

ex: go on, tell me about it, continue, where would you like to begin?, nodding

c. giving broad opening

- encourages patient to take the lead in the interaction

ex: where would you like to begin? is there something you would like to talk about?

d. using silence

- helps patient collect thoughts or think through a point

- patiently waiting attentively

e. accepting

- indicates that the patient has been understood

ex: yes, uh huh, i hear what you are saying

f. empathy

- the nurse makes a feeling response to express understanding of the importance of both the feeling and the factual content

ex: that must be very difficult/frustrating

g. giving recognition, acknowledging, validating

- giving recognition of a change in behavior, an effort made, offers positive regard

ex: you're wearing a different dress today, you are the one who helped...

h. offering self

- making oneself available on an unconditional basis

ex: i would like to spend some time sitting with you, i'll stay her for about 20 minutes and talk with you

i. self-disclosure

- nurse must be very careful when sharing person info

ex: i am a cancer survivor

j. placing events in sequence

- clarifies relationship of events in time so that nurse and patient can view them in perspective

ex: what happened before? when did that happen?

5. Culture Competence :-

"Ability of individuals and systems to respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures,

classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, and religions in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the cultural differences and similarities and the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each."

A set of congruent behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, organization, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations.

Culturally Competent Health-Care System

"Acknowledges and incorporates, at all levels, the importance of culture, health care system assessment of cross-cultural relationships, vigilance towards the dynamics that result from cultural differences,expansion of cultural knowledge, and adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs."

Elements of culture influence a patient's beliefs and belief system that concerns their health and that of their families.

*healing and how it occurs

*wellness vs. illness and their causes

*delivery of health services

*interactions with health care system and healthcare professionals.