Question

6. List all types of Sprains. 7. Describe the Unhappy Triad. 8. How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton? 9. Which 2 minerals are stored in the bones? 10. Aging causes progressive loss of 11. What are the 5 types of bones? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 12. What is the main symptom of bone cancer? 13. Describe the 3 types of bone cancer. 1. 2. 3. 14. Abnormal calcification within the muscle belly can result in

Answer 1

6. Sprains are injuries occurs in the ligaments which coonect bones in a joint.based on location of injury

   or tear it is classified into,

                          * Ankle sprain.

                          * shoulder sprain

                      * Thumb sprain.

                      * knee sprain.

                        * Wrist sprain.

7.Unhappy triad

            * Unhappy triad or terrible triad is a medical condition in which injury occurs in the anterior

               cruciate ligament,medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament of the knee joint.

     Etiology

             * Strong force or blow to the knee is the reason for unhappy triad is commonly occur is

                people who play football,cricket and motor racing games.

     Clinical manifestations

              * Swelling and pain in injured knee.

              * Stiffness and locking of the knee after injury.

              * Feeling of instability in knee joint.

              * Failure to do full movement with affected knee.

    Treatment

             * Surgical management needed for correction of ligament and meniscus injury.

             * Autograft or allograft are used during surgical proocedure.

             * After surgery applying knee braces useful to improve the healing process.

8.Adult human sketeton consist of total 206 bones.

              * Axial skeleton = 80.(Bones and cartillage lie close to the central axis of body)

              * Appendicular skeleton = 126.(Bones of the upper and lower extremities).

9. Two minerals stored in the bones are calcium and phosphorous.

10. Aging causes progressive loss of bone density and leads to osteoporosis.

11. Five types of bones

              1. Long bones

                      * It consists of two expanded ends( epiphysis),one tubular shaft(diaphysis) and

                         medulllary cavity fillled with bone marrow.

                      * examples are Radius,ulna,humerus,tibia,fibula and femur.

            2 Short bones

                      * Cuboidal shape small sized bones with six presenting surfaces

                       * Examples; Carpal bones and tarsal bones.

             3. Flat bones

                       * Plate like bones and form boundaries to body cavities.

                       * Examples; Bones forming thoracic cage( ribs,sternum,scapula etc) and bones forming

                                             cranium( Frontal,parietal,occcipital etc).

            4. Irregular bones

                         * Bones are in irregular shape.

                          * Examples; vertebrae,Hip bone etc.

             5. Pneumatic bones

                          * Irregular bones with air filled cavities known as pneumatic bones.

                           * Examples; Maxilla,sphenoid and ethimoidal bones.

12. Main symptom of bone cancer

                      * Pain in bones and joints.

                      * Weight loss.

                      * Bone fractures.

                      * Total body weakness and swelling of joints.

13. Three type of bone cancers

                      * Osteosarcoma ; It is a type of bone cancer which affect bone cells of extremities and

                                                    pelvis.

                       * Leiomyosarcoma; It is a tumor of smooth muscles of the body.

                       * Rhabdomyosarcoma ; It is a tumor of striated or skeletal muscles of the body.

14. Abnormal calcifications in the muscle belly can result in Myositis.