Question

1. Discuss the characteristics, risk factors, and family dynamics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 2. Apply the nursing process to the care of children and adolescents with ADHD and ASD and their families. 3. Provide education to clients, families, teachers, caregivers, and community members for young clients with ADHD and ASD. 4. Discuss the nurse's role as an advocate for children and adolescents. 5. Evaluate your feelings, beliefs, and attitudes about clients with ADHD and ASD and their parents and caregivers. 1. Discuss the characteristics, risk factors, and family dynamics of disruptive behavior disorders. 2. Apply the nursing process to the care of clients with disruptive behaviors disorders. 3. Provide education to clients, families, teachers, caregivers, and community members for clients with disruptive behavior disorders. 4. Discuss treatment for disruptive behavior disorders.

Answer 1

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

A chronic condition including attention difficulty,hyperactivity and impulsiveness.This disorder often begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood.It may contribute to ,

• low self esteem
• troubled relationships
• difficulty at school or work

Risk factors

1. genes
2. cigarette smoking
3. alcohol use
4. drug use during pregnancy
5. exposure to environment toxins during pregnancy
6. low birth weight
7. brain injuries

Characteristics

• Not seem to listen when spoke to directly
• have problems sustaining attention in tasks or play,including conversations, lectures,or lengthy reading
• Avoid or dislike tasks that require sustained mental effort such as school work or homework
• be easily distracted by unrelated thoughts or stimuli

family dynamics

Attention deficit hyper activity disorder in children puts stress on parents.in fact ,parents of children with this disease report greater parenting stress,less satisfaction in their parenting role and more depressive symptoms than other parents.they also report more negative interactions with their child.

NURSES RESPONSIBILITY:

1. assess the patients behavior.,cognitive level ,etc
2. speech therapy is very essential for these patients.talking with them is essential.
3. as a nurse we have to provide education regarding
4. cognitive behavioral therapy
5. anger management
6. counselling psychology
7. psycho education
8. family therapy
9. applied behavioral analysis
10. instruct their teachers regarding their behavior ,teach them how to handle these students.
11. instruct the teachers families their friends not to provoke them.
12. most of these patients have hypertensive disorder.so that anti hypertensives can be used to lowers blood pressure.
13. cognition enhancing medication can be given to the patient to improve mental function, lowers blood pressure and may balance mood.

as a nurse instruct the family members mainly their parents regarding their diet.some of the foods that can cause these type of reactions include

• milk
• chocolate
• soy bean
• wheat
• eggs
• beans
• corn
• tomato
• grapes
• oranges

1. instruct family members to establish some simple family rules with clear consequences for breaking them

2. disciplinary action should be immediate positive and of short duration

3. as your child becomes more responsible allow him more privileges

4. get your child to do chores.chores are a great way to develop a child's sense of self esteem and responsibility

5. give simple brief instruction

6. maintain eye contact and touch your child if possible as well

7. brainwave entertainment is more effective

8. music therapy

9 .establish a regular daily routine and follow it as consistently as possible

10. don't allow yourself to be pressured into putting your child on medication

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout their life.it affects how a person acts and interacts with others,communicates,learns.

Risk factors includes

1. child's sex: boys are about four times more likely to develop autism spectrum disorder than girls
2. family history: families who have one child with autism spectrum disorder have an increased risk of having another child
3. extremely pre term babies
4. parents age

characteristics:

• problems with social interactions with others
• unusual interests in objects
• need for sameness
• great variation in abilities
• repeated actions or body movements

family dynamics;

a child's autism diagnosis affects every member of family in different ways.parents must now place their primary focus on helping their child with the disorder ,which may put stress on their marriage, other work,other children finances and personal relationships and responsibilities

NURSES RESPONSIBILITY

nurse serves as an important link between the family and specialty medical provider.the health care visit is stressful for people with this disorder because of difficulties with new environments and changes in their normal routine.they have a key role in relieving anxiety by providing information.

As a nurse we have to teach family members teachers

1. be patient to them
2. always stay positive
3. show your love and interest
4. be affectionate and respectful
5. interact through physical activity
6. be persistant but resilent
7. ignore irritating attention getting behavior
8. teach the child how to express anger without being too aggressive

1 behavioral therapy

2 anger management

3 psycho therapy

4 family therapy

5 psycho education

DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS

disruptive behavior disorders are among easiest to identify of all co existing conditions because they involve behaviors that are readily seen such as

• temper tantrums
• physical aggression such as
• attacking other children
• excessive argumentativeness
• stealing
• other forms of defiance or resistance to authority

Risk factors

1. exposure to violence
2. being male
3. familial discord
4. suffering from abuse and or neglect
5. family history of mental illness or substance abuse
6. dysfunctional home life
7. poor or inconsistent parenting or lack of parental involvement

Characteristics

it includes ,

• social isolation
• lying
• stealing
• bullying
• revenge seeking behavior
• willful destruction of property
• blaming others
• actively defying or refusing to comply with rules

NURSES RESPONSIBILITY

1. instruct family teachers and caregivers to
2. establish a trusting relationship with child and family by conveying your acceptance
3. provide clear behavioral guidelines including consequence of disruptive and manipulative behavior
4. talk to the child about making acceptable choice
5. teach child on effective problem solving skills and have him or her demonstrate them in return
6. identify abusive communication
7. instruct parents on how to deal with child's demands
8. use role playing s he can practice ways of handling stress and gain skill and confidence
9. teach child on constructive methods of releasing negative feelings
10. help the child to accept responsibility for behavior rather than blaming others,beoming defensive and wanting revenge.