Question

1. Describe pulmonary edema and list two causes. (500 words)

Answer 1

12 Pulmonary edema Defin. It is a condition in which thuid accubulation in the lungs caused by extravasation of fluid from pulmonary vasculature in to the interstitium and alrede of the lungs. •Pathophysiology: Incorease Pulmonary capilary pressure mesure Decrease plasma pressure Increase interstial negetive pressure damage. Of alveolas and capilary basoul Obstruction of lymph Disruption of endothelial wall Pulmonary ede ma occurre Classification :- → Cardiogemee pulmonary edema -> Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema Cause: - y Dyfrhythmia Myocardial infraction Left ventriculer failure - Cardiomyopathy - Hypertrophy - Left ventricular ont flow obstruction → Patient's with CNS dirogden

B stages: Stage-1:- Presencexcess fluid Stage 2 - Presence of a interstitial Stage 3 :- alveolaredoma Symptoms. acute chronic - Shortness of breathing » Nocturnal dyspnean » Pink sputum and cough leg swelling - Anxity, restlessness » weight gain - Chest pain Đloss of apetite - Palpitation A fatigue - sweting Signst Treatment 1- Pachypnia - Oxygen Supplementation Hypertension & Dinretics a confusion - Surgical care Taup Pachycardia (e.g- Subdural hematoma - Agitation intracerebral hermerhas - ronchig wheere a Investigation - - Blood test - CBC - Serum electrolytes - ABG. ECG - USG. - Chest x-ray