Question

Public Health topic

CHD, Coronary heart disease (research topic)

what will be a good risk factor for this research paper

a.       Define health problem, within your chosen public health framework.

b.      Identify risk factors associated with problem,

c.       Develop community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause of the problem,

d.      Implement interventions to improve the health of the population,

e.       Monitor those interventions.

Answer 1

a. Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the formation of plaque or deposition of fat around the artery wall. It is also known as atherosclerotic vascular disease. The disease can lead to disruption in the normal flow of the blood throughout the body resulting in risk of getting serious complications.

Coronary heart disease is otherwise called as coronary heart disease (CAD), Atherosclerotic heart disease, where there is a damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels that  results from :

Fat deposition (Plaque) in the coronary artery (atheroma) $\rightarrow$ Atherosclerosis $\rightarrow$ Narrowing and hardening of the artery wall restricting $\rightarrow$ the flow of blood to the heart muscle $\rightarrow$ Coronary heart disease.

"The coronary disease has been a leading cause of death worldwide. It is already an important health issue in developed countries.on the basis of accumulated scientific evidence from scientific studies and research on preventive medicine showing that coronary heart disease is associated with unhealthy lifestyles and human behaviors. "

b.

The main risk factors that are associated with Coronary heart disease in the community are associated with unhealthy lifestyles and human behaviors such as tobacco smoking, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity that leads to:

*High cholesterol $\rightarrow$ restricting the blood flow to the heart, brain and rest of the body $\rightarrow$ increases the risk of developing blood clot developing somewhere in the body $\rightarrow$ affects the variations in the normal flow of blood

*High B.P $\rightarrow$ increased strain on the heart $\rightarrow$ Increase workload $\rightarrow$ CHD

*Smoking $\rightarrow$ increased levels of nicotine and carbon monoxide $\rightarrow$ put the strain on the heart $\rightarrow$ increase workload of the heart $\rightarrow$ risk of formation of blood clots/damage the lining of the coronary arteries $\rightarrow$ CHD

*Diabetes $\rightarrow$ lining of blood vessels to become the thicker $\rightarrow$ impaired function of the blood vessel $\rightarrow$ CHD

*Thrombosis $\rightarrow$ prevents the blood supply from reaching the heart muscle $\rightarrow$ CHD/Heart attack

*Lack of regular exercise

*Obese

*Overweight

C. Nowadays coronary heart disease is the highest risk for the morbidity that eventually leads to one's mortality that needs special attention before the occurrence itself.

Most of the risk factors associated with the disease are preventable, this should be taken in to account.

The community-based prevention includes strategies such as :

*Community based intervention for primary prevention of CVD

It improves the quality of life thus identifying the risk factors associated with CHD

*Community based intervention for secondary prevention of CVD

The program will prevent many deaths and substantially reduce the disability related to CVD

*Ecological model of public health interventions/Ecological Approach

The key feature of the ecological approach is the recognition of the multiple determinants of health that includes the importance gives to the social and environmental determinants.

*Social marketing and public health education

The main goal of social marketing and health through education can be applied at the basic level of prevention. Through this approach, we are trying to change the people knowledge and attitudes about health, risk factors, and determinants. The first step of this is approach is to improve the awareness regarding the CH, its risk actors and how it will lead to a mortality and morbidity

* Health promotion

It is an approach where there is an engagement of individual and the organization in the transformation process Thus the engagement between the individual and organization results in change or the desired outcome. The main goal of health promotion is based on increasing capacity of individuals and communities to control the health and determinants. The main outcome of health promotion are health literacy, social action, mobilization, and health public policy

*Policy change :

It is action taken by the government with the emphasis on the values given to the "public good".

The policies on the implementation of programs should be based on Coronary heart disease at local, national and state level

d.

*Adapting rather than adopting

community assessment or diagnosis should be included in the first phase of the community intervention program for CHD prevention and control

*Carefully planning of the program with a good understanding of the communities, use evidence-based sound theories, frameworks and health promotion, models

* The community-based CHD prevention program should be based on comprehensive based approaches, integration risk management and policy, and environmental changes

*The application of the best implementation should not be implemented in the specific setting but also but also expand to the national level

e.

*Assessment :

Public health agency collects, assembles and analyses and makes available information to improve the health of the population

*Policy development:

Scientific knowledge to develop a strategic approach to improving the community's health

* Assurance: Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services