Question

Describe the etiology, pathophysiology and manifestations of anaphylactic reactions.

Answer 1

Answer :

Anaphylactic reaction is a direct ,systematic ,severe ,IgE of IgG antibody allergic reaction to a substance - antigen to which an individual had been previously exposed .

Causes :

1. Normally ,our body immune system reacts agaist foreign substances .but in anaphylactic reaction our body immune system over react to substances which can lead to anaphylactic reaction or shock .
2. Any insect bites
3. Stings
4. Nuts .
5. Food and food possible causes
6. Antibiotics
7. Anaesthetic drugs
8. Contrast media.
9. Other drugs .
10. Some people have the hypersensitivity to any allergens due to their body immunity .

Clinical manifestation :

Skin : hives , itchiness ,flushing

• Swelling of lips and tongue
• Swelling of conjunctiva
• Rumny nose
• Heart and vascular : fast or slow heart rate
• Low blood pressure.
• CNS : light headedness
• Loss of consciousness
• Confusion
• Headache
• Anxiety
• Respiratory : shortness of breath , wheezes , stridor .
• Pain
• GI : vomitings , crampy abdominal pain , diarrhea .
• Loss of bladder control

Pathophysiology :

Due to etiological factors leads to activation of immune system such as activation of mast cell to release mediators can lead to stimulation of immune system , this can lead to anaphylactic reaction such as rashes ,itching , oedema etc .