A particular paper included the accompanying data on the tar level of cigarettes smoked for a...
Lung Cancer & Smoking Case Study A causal relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer was first suspected in the 1920s on the basis of clinical observations. To test this apparent association, numerous epidemiologic studies were undertaken between 1930 and 1960. Two studies were conducted by Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill in Great Britain The first was a case-control study begun in 1947 comparing the smoking habits of lung cancer patients with the smoking habits of other patients. The...
The authors of a paper classified characters who were depicted smoking in movies released between a certain range of years. The smoking characters were classified according to sex and whether the character type was positive, negative, or neutral. The resulting data is given in the accompanying table. Assume that it is reasonable to consider this sample of smoking movie characters as representative of smoking movie characters. Do the data provide evidence of an association between sex and character type for...