Question

A. Heart Sound Measurements Complete Table 17.1 with "Seated, at rest" and "After exercise" data and complete the required calculations. Table 17.1 After exercise Seated, at rest Selected area Measurement At Rest Inhalation Exhalation 97] 117] [106 110 R-wave to next ВРМ 1 R-wave 0.94] р.36 ] 0.56 0.98 R-wave to first Delta T 1 sound 0.41] 0.92 0.72] R-wave to 0.88 Delta T 1 second sound 0.05 0.1] 0.36 0.22] first to second Delta T 1 sound 0.82 1.48 1.52] second sound to 1.18 1 Delta T next first sound 1.19] 1.49 1.64 1.86 first sound Р-P 1 1.18] 1.72 1.94] 0.78 second sound P-P 1

Answer 1

Answers

II

1. Relative to the electrical and mechanical events of the cardiac cycle, what do each of the measurements in the table represent?

BPM: The heart sound in beats per minute based on a sampling of only one R-R interval in each particular data segment.

Delta T:

R-wave to first sound: Approximate time from ventricular depolarization to AV closure.

R-wave to second sound: Approximate time from ventricular depolarization to semilunar valve closure.

T first to second: Duration of ventricular systole.

T second sound to next first sound: Duration of ventricular systole.

P-P first sound: Amplitude of first heart sound.

P-P second sound : Amplitude of second heart sound.

2. Refer to Table 17.1, Note whether the measured values increased, decreased or did not change from the resting value when heart rate increased?

For most healthy people, heart rate will increase, all 'T's will decrease, but exist by the same percentage and amplitude will increase.

3. Explain why each of these would change?

As heart rate increases ventricular diastole decreases faster than ventricular systole. For a healthy adult with a resting heart rate of 72 BPM, approximately 40% of the cardiac cycle in ventricular systole, while at a heart rate of 200 BPM, 65% of the cardiac cycle in ventricular systole. When the heart fills with blood, during ventricular diastole, there comes a point where there is not enough time for the heart to fill with the volume of blood required. Due to this action limits the intensity, duration and speed of performance.

Amplitudes increase as the force of the valve closures increases.

4. Briefly describe the cause of the turbulence associated with each of the four heart sounds?

1st sound: Closure of the atrioventricular valves.

2nd sound: Closure of the semilunar valves.

3rd sound: Opening of the atrioventricular valves and rapid filling of the ventricles.

4th sound: Flow of blood from atria to ventricles during atrial systole.