Question

Describe some of the more common pathophysiological changes and abnormal findings associated with musculoskeletal, metabolic, and multisystem health dysfunctions. Explain what symptoms are associated with the findings and how these affect patient function

Answer 1

Musculoskeletal system includes the bones of the skeleton and the cartilages,ligaments and connective tissue that provides from support,balance and mobility. It helps to protect the internal organs ribs protects the heart. Pelvic bone protects kidneys. Musculoskeletal conditions that causes health dysfunctions includes osteoporosis.rheumatoid arthritis,pathologic fracture,fibromyalgia,tendinitis.

Rheumatoid arthritis:

A chronic inflammatory disorder results from autoimmune disease that causes joint pain. Synovial membrane is the layer present in between the joints.RA characterized by inflammation of synovitis that leads to deposition of inflammatory cells over the synovial lining. New synovial blood vessels induced by the formation of new blood vessels and formation of leucocytes in the synovium. It leads to the adhesion of synovium. The clinical features includes pain accompanied by early morning stiffness. Swelling in all small joints results in deformity,subluxation. The non articular manifestations includes systemic like fatigue,weight loss,sleritis,carpal tunnel syndrome,lymphadenopathy,anemia,vasculitis.

Metabolic disorders occurs as a result of abnormal chemical changes that alters the entire normal metabolism. Acid base imbalance, glucose metabolism disorder,inborn errors of metabolism,iron metabolism disorders.

Acid base imbalance an abnormality resulting from disruption in acid base balance. The various condition includes Acidosis and alkalosis. Four basic abnormality in the acid base imbalance are Respiratory alkalosis,Respiratory acidosis,Metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis.

Respiratory acidosis occurs as a result of lung dysfunction that leads to excess carbon di oxide. The symptoms includes fatigue,dyspnea,confusion. Common causes are any deformity in the chest,lung diseases,obesity,sedative overdose. Metabolic acidosis occurs as a result of kidney dysfunctions where the kidneys are unable to remove acid properly.