what are hydrocolloids that are based on 6 carbon sugars?
what are hydrocolloids that are based on 6 carbon sugars?
Homework Answers
A hydrocolloid is defined as a colloid system where the colloid particles are hydrophilic polymers which are dispersed in water. A hydrocolloid has the property of a colloid to spread throughout water, and depending on the quantity of water available that can take place in different states, e.g., gel or sol (liquid). Hydrocolloids can be either irreversible or reversible. Agar, a reversible hydrocolloid of seaweed extract, can exist in a gel and solid state, and alternate between states with the addition or elimination of heat. Starch is the most commonly used hydrocolloid thickener, the reason being it is relatively cheap, abundant and possibly it does not impart any noticeable taste if used at a low concentration of 2 to 5%.Starch is a polymer of 6 carbon sugar d- glucose and the structure of monosaccharide d glucose can be depicted in either a ring or open chain form.
During glycolysis, six-carbon sugars fructose 1,6 bisphosphate is broken down to form two three-carbon compounds of...
During glycolysis, six-carbon sugars fructose 1,6 bisphosphate is broken down to form two three-carbon compounds of sugars. At the same time, 2 stages prior to the cleavage reaction, isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate occurs. What is the meaning of the isomerization stage during this process?
2. Which of the following statements is true of cyclic forms of 6-carbon sugars? a. Conversion...
2. Which of the following statements is true of cyclic forms of 6-carbon sugars? a. Conversion of the linear form to the cyclic form results from a reaction between the 0 3 carbonyl C and an alcohol in the same molecule. b. Six-C sugars only form 6-membered rings c. The cyclic form has the same number of chiral centers as the linear form. d.xAt room temperature in aqueous solutions, glucose is primarily in the linear form Both a and b...
12. Circle each anomeric carbon in the sugars below. (2 points) Which of the sugars below...
12. Circle each anomeric carbon in the sugars below. (2 points) Which of the sugars below is a reducing sugar? (1 point) Which sugar contains a glycosidic linkage? (1 point) CH-OH носно он н и носн,он они нон glucose fructose он Ин Н CH,он нон носно А он нон но/н,он и онон н sucrose 13. Extra credit: What type of enzyme catalyzes phosphate transfer? What type of enzyme usually catalyzes the rearrangement of a molecule? (2 points each)
1. Hexokinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of a broad spectrum of 6- carbon sugars. In the...
1. Hexokinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of a broad spectrum of 6- carbon sugars. In the reaction involving glucose and ATP, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and ADP are formed. D-Glucose + ATP G6P + ADP + Ht (AG",--20.9 kJ/mol). The enzyme specifically recognizes the acetal form of glucose, (a-D-glucopyranose. a. Draw the linear form of glucose using a Fischer projection and draw the structure of (a-D-glucopyranose. (5 pts each) b. Provide the net reaction for glycolysis. (5 pts) c. Assuming lysine acts...
Sugars are used by many chemoheterotrophs as an important source of carbon and energy. Indeed, complete...
Sugars are used by many chemoheterotrophs as an important source of carbon and energy. Indeed, complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor has a free energy change of -2,883.0 kJ/mol. What strategy do cells use to minimize the amount of that energy that is lost as heat during the catabolism of sugars? Choose one: A Energy is harvested using a series of smaller oxidations B. Oxidations of sugars directly power membrane-bound ATP synthases. C. The cells...
Carbohydrates, more commonly known as sugars, are made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. The...
Carbohydrates, more commonly known as sugars, are made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. The smallest unit of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. Two monosaccharides make up a disaccharide, and many monosaccharides make up a polysaccharide. Disaccharides and polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed back into the individual monosaccharide units. Part A Select the statement that is incorrect. Select the statement that is incorrect. Complex sugars are carbohydrates. All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n. Simple sugars are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates contain...
uestion Completion Status: QUESTION 7 Which of the sugars produced the most carbon dioxide in the...
uestion Completion Status: QUESTION 7 Which of the sugars produced the most carbon dioxide in the 1 minute allotted? [2 pt] glucose maltose fructose maltotriose QUESTION 8 wnet ranidly ferment
Carbohydrates are important biomolecules. They are also called saccharides C (H2O) Simple sugars are polyhydroxylated (OH)...
Carbohydrates are important biomolecules. They are also called saccharides C (H2O) Simple sugars are polyhydroxylated (OH) aldehydes and ketones (C=O). There are multiple classifications, based on length of parent carbon chain, the position of C=0 in chain and the stereochemistry. Complex carbohydrates have multiple simple sugars linked together and polysaccharide are polymers of simple sugars (a) (1) Identify the anomeric carbon in the following structure? Is it in the a or B form? H OH HOTT H OHH OH (ii)...
14. Which of the following sugars could be transformed into fructose 6-phosphate if glucose and glucose...
14. Which of the following sugars could be transformed into fructose 6-phosphate if glucose and glucose phosphates were no longer available? A. Galactose B. Mannose C. Lactose D. Amylose E. Trehalose 15. Which pathway leads to a loss of carbon, which is undesirable in organisms that cannot fix carbon? A. Glycolysis B. Gluconeogenesis C. Pentose phosphate, nonoxidative phase D. Pentose phosphate, oxidative phase E. None of the above.
An enzyme which oxidizes six-carbon sugars has been studied at varying pH. The Km rises sharply...
An enzyme which oxidizes six-carbon sugars has been studied at varying pH. The Km rises sharply when the pH drops below 4.5 or when the pH rises above 10.5 . What amino acids might be present in the active site of this enzyme and what role(s) might they play?
2. Which of the following statements is true of cyclic forms of 6-carbon sugars? a. Conversion of the linear form to the cyclic form results from a reaction between the 0 3 carbonyl C and an alcohol in the same molecule. b. Six-C sugars only form 6-membered rings c. The cyclic form has the same number of chiral centers as the linear form. d.xAt room temperature in aqueous solutions, glucose is primarily in the linear form Both a and b...
12. Circle each anomeric carbon in the sugars below. (2 points) Which of the sugars below is a reducing sugar? (1 point) Which sugar contains a glycosidic linkage? (1 point) CH-OH носно он н и носн,он они нон glucose fructose он Ин Н CH,он нон носно А он нон но/н,он и онон н sucrose 13. Extra credit: What type of enzyme catalyzes phosphate transfer? What type of enzyme usually catalyzes the rearrangement of a molecule? (2 points each)
1. Hexokinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of a broad spectrum of 6- carbon sugars. In the reaction involving glucose and ATP, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and ADP are formed. D-Glucose + ATP G6P + ADP + Ht (AG",--20.9 kJ/mol). The enzyme specifically recognizes the acetal form of glucose, (a-D-glucopyranose. a. Draw the linear form of glucose using a Fischer projection and draw the structure of (a-D-glucopyranose. (5 pts each) b. Provide the net reaction for glycolysis. (5 pts) c. Assuming lysine acts...
Sugars are used by many chemoheterotrophs as an important source of carbon and energy. Indeed, complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor has a free energy change of -2,883.0 kJ/mol. What strategy do cells use to minimize the amount of that energy that is lost as heat during the catabolism of sugars? Choose one: A Energy is harvested using a series of smaller oxidations B. Oxidations of sugars directly power membrane-bound ATP synthases. C. The cells...
uestion Completion Status: QUESTION 7 Which of the sugars produced the most carbon dioxide in the 1 minute allotted? [2 pt] glucose maltose fructose maltotriose QUESTION 8 wnet ranidly ferment
Carbohydrates are important biomolecules. They are also called saccharides C (H2O) Simple sugars are polyhydroxylated (OH) aldehydes and ketones (C=O). There are multiple classifications, based on length of parent carbon chain, the position of C=0 in chain and the stereochemistry. Complex carbohydrates have multiple simple sugars linked together and polysaccharide are polymers of simple sugars (a) (1) Identify the anomeric carbon in the following structure? Is it in the a or B form? H OH HOTT H OHH OH (ii)...
14. Which of the following sugars could be transformed into fructose 6-phosphate if glucose and glucose phosphates were no longer available? A. Galactose B. Mannose C. Lactose D. Amylose E. Trehalose 15. Which pathway leads to a loss of carbon, which is undesirable in organisms that cannot fix carbon? A. Glycolysis B. Gluconeogenesis C. Pentose phosphate, nonoxidative phase D. Pentose phosphate, oxidative phase E. None of the above.
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