Question

Mr. Brown, 76 years, visit the neurologist to discuss his recent diagnosis and treatment options.

His symptoms affecting his activities of daily living. Ha has difficulty bathing, dressing and has frequent falls. He has marked hesitancy on changing directions and unsteadiness with fatigue. He can brush his teeth and wash his face. On neurological examination, he did have mild to moderate impairment in cognition and short-term memory, although he is orientated to time, place and person. He has a mild trembling and shaking, worse in the left arm that the right side. He has rigidity in the upper extremities. he has marked difficulty in movement, with the long delay in initiating movement and frequent freezing in place. He might suffer from bradykinesia. He has postural instability. He has mild dysarthria and paresthesia. He has a shuffling gait. he can arise from the chair with difficulty only multiple attempts. Deep tendon reflexes are symmetrical and toes are down-going. Cranial nerves are unremarkable.

Based on the information:

1. What o do you think this patient suffers from?

2. What caused this condition?

3. What is the outcome of his disease?

4. Is there any treatment/cure option?

5. Find three medical terms and analyze them.

Example: Gastritis Gastr/itis, Gastr(stomach)/itis(inflammation), Inflammation of the stomach

Answer 1

Ans 1- The patient is suffering from Parkinson's disease. It is neuro-degenerative disease in which deficiency of dopamine occurs.

Ans 2-causes are- Genetic factors or herediatary, aging(in older age it is seen), any head injury, a family history, sex-men are more likely to get this disease,some toxins also give rise to parkinson's disease.

Ans3-outcome- It is not the fatal disease but it can decrease the life span of the patient.

Ans 4- treatment- drugs used in it- 1-Dopamine agonist are useful for this patient.2- Levodopa are helpful in their treatment.3- anticholinergics used for it.4-MAO B inhibitors.

Surgery - Deep brain stimulation.

Ans 5- terms are- 1- Bradykinesia - slowing of movement.

2- Dysarthria- slurred speech or slow speech.

3- Parathesia- an abnormal sensation like tingling due to pressure to peripheral nerves.