Question

o the effects of the body 12. What problems will Curs? How is com 13. Ms. X dies shortly a case) CASE STUDY A Myocardial infarction Ms. X. aged 55 years indigestion." Her son is ou rake her to the emere very ry anxious, and her fac 90/60, and the pulse is around 90 pressure is 90/6 She is given Oxygen for ECG are attached. Bu enzymes and elect infarction involving the ts of shock. as has been complaining of severe fati is quite concerned and decides to ergency department. On arrival she appears ad her facial skin is cool and clammy her blood use is around 90, weak, and irregular woen, an intravenous line is opened, and leade Sched. Blood is taken for determination of serum electrolytes. Tentative diagnosis is myocardi olving the left ventricle. Her son provides informa As. x is a long time smoker, has a stressful h school teacher, is recently separated after 20 years and is fearful of losing the family home. She has ed to be more fatigued and stopped going to the gym months ago. She has begun to rely on "fast foods like fried chicken and cooks infrequently. Her father had heart attack at age 50. She had also noticed more and intermittent leg pain when walking or climbing stairs on that indicates Ms. X is a long job as a high school of marriage, and is fear also seemed to be mor about 18 months a pizza and fried chic died of a heart and fatigue and intermittent le CASE STUDY B Essential Hypertens Ms. ). aged 48 years, years ago. She has not past 6 months because a new job and has bee and golf. She has del feeling tired and dyspr blurred vision, and epi her blood pressure is in the lungs, and the and several arteriola medication to lowert with a nutritionist a 1. Describe the pat 2. Explain the poss diastolic pressus 3. Explain the sign 4. The doctor sus how this can de 5. Give two other 6. List two medic hypertension, leads to CHAPTER nate work. Generalizes atherosclerosis is suspected. List the high-risk factors for atherosclerosis in this patient's history 2. Describe how atherosclerosis causes myocardial infarction. It is suspected that the indigestion reported in the history was really angina. Explain how this pain may have occurred. 4. Explain each of the admitting signs. 5. What is "atypical" in Ms. X's symptoms? How does this affect treatment and prognosis? 6. What information do serum enzyme and electrolyte levels provide? 7. What purpose does the ECG serve? It is determined that Ms. X. has a large infarct in the anterior left ventricle. 8. Ms. X. is showing increasing PVCs on the ECG. State the cause and describe the effect if these continue to increase in frequency. > On day 6 after admission Ms. X is preparing to go home with her son and they receive instructions on lifestyle modifications that are desirable if Ms. X is to avoid other MI. What measures should be included in such a Heart function abnormalities, myocardium, venous disorde Multiple long- dysfunction. I quently involv cessation of co and possibly • Arterioscle with loss o and narro local necro • In atheros obstruct n and, in prevent owever, discussion? shock or DIC

Answer 1

Answer: The high factors for atherosclerosis are:

• Intake of fast foods
• Excessive intake of fat rich foods.
• Intake of oily and unhealthy foods.

Atherosclerosis is a condition where cholesterol, fats and other substance accumulate on the wall of artery. This causes obstruction in flow of blood and oxygen. Hence this causes the cardiac muscles to get proper supply of oxygen and blood. The muscles get damaged which causes myocardial infarction.

The pain occured as the heart tissue got damaged and unable to get proper amount of oxygen. This causes the heart to work more hard and hence this functioning causes excessive pressure which creates pain.

When the patient was admitted, the blood pressure was 90/60mmHg, this shows that the patient is suffering from hypotension. Due to abnormal functioning of the heart muscles, the pulse rate is irregular.