Question

Metabolism Worksheet Describe the following terms listed below in the box on the right. Metabolism Basal Metabolism ATP Catabolism Three nutrients used for energy Mitochondria Glycolysis Pyruvate Acetyl COA NAD/NADK TCA Cycle Oxaloacetate Electron Transport Chain

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Answer 1

METABOLISM - It is a set of chemical processes that takes place in our body cells to provide energy for our body to do various activities. All the food we take is ultimately converted through specific proteins into energy this whole process is known as metabolism.

BASAL METABOLISM - It means the least amount of energy that is required to perform basic functions like breathing or it is also described as the rate at which the energy is consumed by the body at rest.

ATP - ATP full form is Adenosine Triphosphate. It is known as energy currency as it is a molecule that contains energy.It is generated from the breakdown of food molecules. Structurally, ATP contains nitrogen base called adenine, sugar called ribose and three phosphate groups and the bonds between these phosphate groups contains energy.

CATABOLISM - Catabolism is a part of metabolism. It is a process in which the complex molecules like carbohydrates, lipids and proteins breakdown to simpler molecules like glucose, fatty acids and aminoacids respectively and also releasing energy through this process.

THREE NUTRIENTS USED FOR ENERGY - Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids are the three macronutrients that give 100 percent energy to the body.

MITOCHONDRIA - It is known as power house of the cell. It is basically an organelle present in most of our cells that produces ATP which is further used up by the cell to survive and function.

GLYCOLYSIS - As the name suggests, it is the breakdown of glucose. It is defined as a metabolic process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate and a hydrogen ion. The final product of glycolysis is pyruvate in aerobic conditions(presence of oxygen) and lactate in anerobic conditions(absence of oxygen). During this process, ATP is generated.

PYRUVATE - It is one of the important biochemical molecule that produces ATP. it is a part of many biochemical processes. It is the end product of glycolysis and metabolism of aminoacids and also involved in anabolism of aminoacids and fatty acids.The chemical formula of pyruvate is C3H4O3.

ACETYL CO A - It contains two groups acetyl group and co enzyme A. It is synthesized in mitochondria through a number of biochemical processes like catabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation of pyruvate.It is an essential co factor in translational reactions of histone and non histone proteins.

NAD/NADH- NAD( Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) /NADH are important in electron transport chain. NAD accepts the electrons, so it is called oxidizing agent then it converts to NADH which donates electrons so it is called as reducing agent.

TCA CYCLE - TCA means Tricarboxyclic acid cycle or Krebs cycle which is used by all the aerobic organisms to produce ATP from the stored sources of energy. It is a series of reactions leading to production of one molecule of ATP, two molecules of carbon dioxide and reduced form of NADH.

OXALOACETATE - It is a molecule which is a part of krebs cycle where it reacts with acety coenzyme A to form citrate.chemical formula is C4H4O5

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN -it is a component of aerobic respiration. It occurs in mitochondria and it is the main source for ATP production. It is a series of reactions in which electrons are transferred from donors to electron acceptors, this reduces molecular oxygen and water is produced.