Question

Match the following nutrients with the stage at which they can directly enter the ATP-production pathway

Stage 2: Ketogenic amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids are converted to acetyl COA Acetyl COA Stage 3: Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle, releasing GTP, hydrogen ions and their electrons, and Co, Some amino acids can be converted to intermediate TCA compounds. TCA Cycle Stage 4: The coenzymes NADH+H and FADH, release the hydrogen ions and their electrons in the electron transport chain, where the majority of ATP in metabolism is produced. Water and Co, are released as waste products. Electron Transport Chain 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Match the following nutrients with the stage at which they can directly enter the ATP-production pathway insulin glucagon cortisol

Answer 1

Insulin:
Glucogenesis is a fourth stage process as a form of glycogen from glucose. It occurs in liver and muscle cells when glucose and ATP are high. The glucose directly synthesized from glucose as the end product.
Glucagon:
Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidneys. It is stimulated by the diabetogenic hormones called glucagon. Glucagon stimulates glycogen. There will be a pathway to make pyruvate to glucose-6 phosphate needed 4 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of GTP formed spontaneously.
Cortisol:
It is an important catabolic hormone. When there is high cortisol body cells become resistant to insulin. This glucocorticoid hormone allows and responds to changes in ATP needed rapidly with the presence of cortisol, muscle cells that reduce glucose level and increase the consumption of protein degradation, it supplies glucogenesis with glucogenic amino acids.
VitaminD:
It produced in the skin from 7-dehychocholestrol by UV irradiation liver and other tissues metabolize vitamin D to 250HD. It further metabolizes to 1,25(OH) 2D in the kidney. 24-hydroxylation is the first step in catabolism it increases oxidate metabolism. mitochondria use glucose and oxygen to make energy-rich molecules.

L.0.8.4
Excess amino acids are transformed by metabolic pathways into all excess protein is excreted in the urine.
Ammonium is a product of the breakdown of amino acids. excess amino acids are toxic it is converted to urea during the urea cycle it is excreted through urine.