Question

Chosen Country: Singapore

Context: For Assessment 2, you will give a group presentation on the public health system in a country of your choosing, other than your own. Having the opportunity to research a particular country's healthcare system will facilitate your understanding of the interdependent relationship between economics, health care and public health. You can begin to get an understanding of the way a country perceives health and well-being by examining the areas to which resources are allocated, how efficiently they are managed, and how effective they are in terms of health care outcomes Assessment Description: In your presentation, you are expected to discuss the following issues: How the public health system is both organised and funded. As part of this, describe the following: (a) The percentage of Gross Domestic Product spent upon health and how this compares 1. with Australia (or another country); (b) Where the money to fund this system comes from; (c) How expenditures for public health services, including prevention programs, are estimated. (d) What the mix of public and private expenditure and services is; (e) Whether a proportion of funding comes from development assistance for health or any form of innovative financing; The underlying trends (demographic, changes in treatment, or technology) which help to explain expenditure; (f) (8) The extent to which health coverage is universal (h) Any economic levers that are used, or could be used, to achieve better health outcomes in your chosen country

Answer 1

1a. The percentage of Gross domestic product spent on health in India is 1.15 percent and the target of the prime minister of India is to increase this to 2.5 % by 2025 . India spends the lowest proportions in the world . United States spend 17.8% of GDP up on health (latest 2018 statistics ) .

b. The money to fund this system comes from Households . Households continue to be the dominant contributors (73 per cent of CHE) to health finance in India. The bulk of the total money circulating in Indian healthcare – around 69 per cent – comes from Out Of Pocket (OOP) payment by households. OOP is the money which individuals pay out of their own.

c. NHEA ( National Health Expenditure Accounts ) measures annual expenditures for health care goods and services, public health activities, government administration, the net cost of health insurance, and investment related to health care. The data are presented by type of service, sources of funding, and type of sponsor.

d. Mix of public and private expenditure means the fundings which comes from government sector and private sector which are used for provision of healthcare services . Mix of public and private services are the healthcare services provided by government organisations and private health sectors .