Question

Teaching a client about management and complications of diabetes (Please fill in every box)

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: Basic Concept REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER STUDENT NAME CONCEPT Underlying Principles Nursing Interventions WHO? WHEN? WHY? HOW? Related Content (E.G., DELEGATION, LEVELS OF PREVENTION, ADVANCE DIRECTIVES) THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURE A1 ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

Answer 1

Ans) Related concepts:

Blood glucose level: The amount of glucose in the blood. The recommended blood glucose levels for most people with diabetes are from about 80 to 120 before a meal, 180 or less after a meal, and between 100 and 140 at bedtime.

Blood glucose meter: A device that measures how much glucose is in the blood. A
specially coated test strip containing a fresh sample of blood (obtained by pricking the skin,
usually the finger, with a lancet) is inserted in the meter, which then measures the amount of
glucose in the blood.

Blood glucose monitoring: The act of checking the amount of glucose in the blood.
When done by the individual with diabetes, it is also called self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Carbohydrates: One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy for the body.
Carbohydrates are mainly sugars and starches that the body breaks down into glucose.
Glucagon: A hormone that raises blood glucose. Glucagon, given by injection, is used to
treat severe hypoglycemia.

Glucose: A simple sugar found in the blood. It is the body’s main source of energy.

Hyperglycemia: A high level of glucose in the blood. High blood glucose can be due to a
too little insulin, food is not covered by insulin, or too little exercise.

Hypoglycemia: A low level of glucose in the blood. Low blood glucose is most likely to
occur during or after exercise, if too much insulin is present, or not enough food is
consumed. Symptoms include feeling shaky, having a headache, or being sweaty, pale,
hungry, or tired. If not treated with a source of sugar, hypoglycemia can lead to a loss of
consciousness, which can be life threatening.

Insulin: A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps the body use glucose for growth
and energy. When the body cannot make enough insulin, it is taken by injection using a
syringe or pen, or through use of an insulin pump, and there are several different types of
man-made insulin that can be injected. These types differ in how long they take to begin
working and how long their effects last, and are used separately or in combination to treat
people with diabetes.

Insulin injections: The process of administering insulin into the body with a syringe or pen.

Underlying principle:

- Promotes cellular uptake of glucose. converts glucose to glycogen Moves potassium into cells.

Nursing Interventions

- Insulin is used for glycemic control of diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2) to prevent complications. clients who have type 2 can require oral anti-diabetic medications, diet, and exercise are unable to control blood glucose levels.

- Monitor clients for hypoglycemia. if abrupt onset, client will experience sympathetic nervous system effects.

- Administer glucose, for conscious clients, administer a snack of 15 g of carbohydrate. If client is not fully conscious , do not risk aspiration.

- Hypolycemia hypoglycemia can result from overdose of insulin, too little food, vomiting and diarrhea, strenuous exercise.