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Ch. 19. Disorder associated with the immune system 1. Graves disease 2. Rheumatoid arthritis 3. Myasthenia gravis 4. Multipl

overview and outline from a microbiology point of view

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All the give diseases here are caused by disorders in immune System.

1. Graves’ disease is a localised auto immune disorder in which the body fails to identify own body cells. It perceives them as foreign bodies and produce antibodies against our own body cells. In this disease, the antibodies are produced against the thyroid membrane antigen which act as a thyroid stimulator. This stimulates the gland and makes it to produce excess thyroid hormone causing hyperthyroidism.

2. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic auto immune disease. It is characterised by presence of an antibody called rheumatoid factor which acts as an antibody against Fc fragment of immunoglobulins. This disease is characterised by muscle wasting, sub cutaneous nodules, myocarditis, swollen joints with infiltrates.

3. Myasthenia gravis is a localised auto immune disease. In this antibodies are produced against acetylcholine receptors on muscle-neuron junctions preventing binding of acetylcholine on its receptors. This causes impaired muscular contraction. This disease is associated with abnormal fatigue ability and weakness in the muscles.

4. Multiple sclerosis is an auto immune disease in which body produces antibodies against myelin sheath and destroys it. This demyelination causes conduction problems. This disease is associated with dysarthria, nystagmus and intention tremors.

This is a brief outline of the following immune related diseases. Please feel free to like this helps you out. Contact us if you need further detail explanation on any of these topics. Thank you and have a great day.

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