Question

1. Each vitamin will be worth up to 2 pts to complete.

2. Copy and pasting from my lecture notes or other sources online or elsewhere will not be accepted; students are expected to HAND write in their own words the answers to the questions. You can use your smart device to take a pic and upload it - fun!!!

THAT IS CORRECT - download the document, fill it in by hand, and upload it to Canvas. If you are unable to unload it to Canvas, please email me the document.

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- Function: What is the one or two major functions of the vitamin? (0.5 pt)

- Sources: What are three plant and three animals sources of the vitamin? (0.5 pt) [For B12, what plant food products might be fortified with B12?]

- Deficiency: What the major (or two) deficiency for the vitamin? (0.5 pt)

- Toxicity: What is the major toxicity? (0.5 pt) [Some vitamins may have NO toxicity.]

Vitamin Vitamin A Deficiency Toxicity Function Sources Plant: B-Carotene Vitamin D Plant Vitamin E Plant Vitamin K Plant: Vitamin C Plant Folate Plant Plant B12 81 Plant B2 Plant: 83 Plant:

Answer 1

VITAMIN	FUNCTION	SOURCES	DEFICIENCY	TOXICITY
Vitamin A & B-carotene	Night vision Differentiation of epithelial cells normal growth, fetal development, fertility, hematopoiesis and immune function.	Plant: carrots, leafy vegetables, oranges and tomatoes. Animal: oils from shark and cod liver, milk.	bitot spots xeropthalmia corneal opacities keratomalacia increased vulnerability to infections	Dermatitis alopecia hepatosplenomegaly hyperostosis
Vitamin-D	Maintenance of calcium and phosphorus balance Keeping the integrity and strength of bones inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion	Plants: oranges, soy milk, cereals Animal: fish, dairy products, cheese, egg yolks	Rickets osteomalacia defective bone mineralisation Impaired calcium and phosphate balance	Hypercalcemia constipation bone loss stomach pain Kidney failure
Vitamin-E	Antioxidant Proper maintenance of immune system helps in formation of red blood cells	Plants: cotton seed oil, margarine, leafy vegetables Animals: Breast milk and colostrum	Poor transmission of nerve impulses muscle weakness vision disturbances Dysarthria	Nausea diarrhoea muscle weakness fatigue
Vitamin-K	Role in blood clotting bone metabolism Cofactor in post translational carboxylation of glutamic acid into glutamate in liver.	Plants: green leafy vegetables, broccoli, cabbage Animals: beef liver, pork, chicken	bleeding from gut decreased clot formation easy bruising and bleeding gums	Increased bilirubin in blood anemia due to hemolysis jaundice in infants
Vitamin-C	Collagen formation hydroxilation of proline and lysine carnitine formation amino acid formation antioxidant	Plants: tomatoes, broccoli, peppers, cabbages Animals: pork liver, beef liver, lamb brain	Scurvy anemia impaired wound healing hemorrhages	Nausea diarrhoea
Folate	Necessary for proper synthesis of DNA red blood cell formation proper development in feria	Plants: broccoli, green peas, lettuce, asparagus Animal: beef liver, calf liver, eggs	Anemia lethargy palpitations headaches	Nausea bloating
B12	Acts as coenzyme in formation of methionine RBC formation fatty acid synthesis DNA regulation	Plants: soy products, cereals Animals: liver, kidney, heart, oysters	Megaloblastic anemia demyelination of neurons peripheral neuropathy spinal cord degeneration	No known serious toxic reactions
B1	Helps in carbohydrate metabolism Conduction of nerve impulses energy production muscle contraction	Plants: legumes, cereals, rice Animals: pork, milk, liver and kidney	Impaired aerobic glucose metabolism beri beri Wernicke’s disease Korsakoff’s psychosis	Nausea hair loss constipation
B2	Coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions Formation of ATP Breakdown of fats, protein, carbohydrates	Plants: broccoli, spinach, asparagus Animals: fish, meat, chicken, dairy products	Photophobia glossitis angular stomatitis seborrheic dermatitis	No known serious toxic side effects
B3	Component of coenzymes NAD and NADP Cell signalling	Plants: cereals, leafy vegetables, tea and coffee animals: milk, fish, cheese	Pellagra dementia Diarrhoea apathy posterolateral cord degeneration	Nausea diarrhoea skin flushing abdominal pain