Question

Nursing/homework (No hand writing please) Nursing research only

Explain what Parkinson disease is. As a nurse what it the patient education on Parkinson?

Answer 1

The Parkinson's disease refers to the chronic and progressive neurodegeneration triggered by the reduced activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It affects the basal ganglia, substanto nigra and corpus stratium.

Pathophysiology: As a consequence of the progressive alteration in the basal nuclei, the occurrence of the dysfunctioning of the extra pyramidal motor system takes place. The hormone dopamine is secreted by the decreased number of neurons in the substantia nigra. This secretion causes an imbalance between the inhibition and the excitation in the basal nuclei.

The excess excitation of the neurons influences the posture and the movement and increases the muscle activity and tone. As a consequence of all this, there occurs a muscular rigidity problem initiating the movements, muscular rigidity. One of the characteristic features of dementia that is decreased number of cortical neurons is also found In the Parkinson disease.

Symptoms: The typical symptoms of this disease include tremors at both hands during rest, hypophonia, bradykinesia or difficulty with spontaneous muscle movement, muscle stiffness and weakness.

Parkinson's disease patient education: Following are the two main objectives for the patients with Parkinson's disease

1. Physical mobility: Patients with Parkinson experiences chronic muscle weakness and stiffness which gradually leads to physical immobility. This in turn may lead to coagulopathies and pressure ulcers. Therefore the patient should exercise regular physical activities, walking and self-care activities to maintain muscle strength and flexibility.

2. Prevention of injury: The chronic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease results in seizure and epilepsy due to paroxysmal depolarization. Therefore the patient, the corresponding family members and the nurse should always he prepared for a seizure period and take measures to prevent injuries.

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