Question

Nursing Homework/ Nursing research require, no hand writing please.

each question  1 paragraph reference and cited require

1. Describe how can hypoxia lead to hyperkalemia?
2. How does PTH regulate hypercalcemia?
3. List the four potential sources of cardiomyocytes after birth.

Answer 1

# Hypoxia is a medical condition defined as having lower than normal oxygen concentration in the arterial blood .

Hyperkalemia is increase in potassium levels than the normal range i.e . > 5.1 mEq/l . It is elevated amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid .

Severe cellular hypoxia causes potassium to leave the cells and go into the extracellular fluid due to the destruction of plasma membrane .

# Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine.

Parathyroid hormone is mainly controlled by the negative feedback of calcium levels in the blood to the parathyroid glands. Low calcium levels in the blood stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, whereas high calcium levels in the blood prevent the release of parathyroid hormone.

# Four potential sources of cardiomyocytes after birth are :-

- adult cardiomyocytes ( mononucleated )

- bone marrow - derived cardiac stem or progenitor cells

- embryonic epicardium derived cells

- niches of cardiac stem or cardiac progenitor cells