Question

Nursing/homework one paragraph for each question, no hand writing please, require Nursing research, and reference

Explain the difference between adrenergic drugs and adrenergic-blocking drugs. List 1 drug example ( generic and name brand) of each. Explain uses, side effects.

Answer 1

Difference between Adrenergic and Adrenergic blocking drugs is tabulated below.

Adrenergic drugs	Adrenergic blocking drugs
Adrenergic drugs stimulate sympathetic nervous system	Adrenergic drugs block the stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic drugs act as agonist on α and β adrenoreceptors	Antiadrenergic drugs act as antagonist on α and β adrenoreceptors
Adrenergic drugs like adrenaline increases heart rate by increasing the slope of slow diastolic depolarization of cells in SA node.	β -adrenergic blocking drugs like propanolol decreases heart rate, force of contraction and cardiac output of heart
Adrenergic drugs cause both vasoconstriction (α) and vasodilatation (β ) depending upon the drug	Propranolol blocks vasodilatation and fall in BP.
Adrenergic drugs cause mydriasis due to contraction of radial muscle of iris. Intraocular tension is reduced	Adrenergic blocking drugs also lower intraocular tension but there is no consistent effect on pupil size.
Examples of adrenergic drugs include Adrenaline, Noradrenaline (Norad), Isoprenaline (Isoprin), Dopamine (dopcard) ephedrine (Sulfidrin) etc.	Examples of adrenergic blocking drugs include, prazosin (prazopres), phentolamine (regitine), metoprolol (betaloc), Atenolo (betacard, Tenormin),Carvedilol( Carvil) etc.

Uses of adrenergic drugs.

1. Hypotensive states: Adrenergic drugs can be used along with volume replacement for neurogenic and haemorrhagic shock.
2. Along with local anesthetics: Adrenaline 1 in 200,000 to 1 in 100,000 for infiltration, nerve block and spinal anesthesia to prolong duration of anesthesia and reduce their toxicity.
3. Nasal decongestant: α-agonists are used as nasal decongestants in cold, rhinitis, sinusitis, blocked nose.
4. Cardiac uses: I.V administration of Adrenaline is used to stimulate heart due to drowning, electrocution, stokes-Adams syndrome etc. Isoprenaline is used in partial or complete A-V block as a temporary measure to maintain sufficient ventricular rate. adrenergic inotropic drugs are also useful in the routine treatment of Congestive heart failure.
5. Broncial asthma: β-2 stimulants are used

Side effects of adrenergic drugs are: Hives, swelling on eyelids, hands feet or face, muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat, rarely chest pain or convulsions can occur.

Uses of adrenergic blocking drugs

1. alpha blockers are used in pheochromocytoma( tumour of arenal medullary cells).
2. Hypertension: alpha blockers like phentolamine , phenoxybenzamine are used in controlling episodes of rise in BP during clonidine withdrawaland and cheese reaction in patients in MAO inhibitors.
3. Benign hypertrophy of prostate(BHP): Drugs like prazosin, is used to decrease the tone of prostatic muscle.
4. Angina pectoris: Beta blockers decrease the frequency of angina attacks
5. Cardiac arrythmias: Beta blockers suppress extrasystole and tachycardia.
6. Beta blockers are also useful in myocardial infarction.
7. Thyrotoxicosis: propanolol is used
8. Migraine : propanolol is the most effective drug for chronic prophylaxis of migraine.
9. Beta blockers are also used in the treatment of Anxiety, Glaucoma, Hypetrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Side effects of adrenergic blocking drugs are: nausea ,vomiting, dizziness, slow heartbeat, weight gain , fatigue

For further study You can consult any pharmacology book , You can refer pharmacology by Rang and Dale, Goodman and Gillmans's pharmacological basis of therapeutics. pharmacology by lipincott.

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