Question

what is the pathophysciology, Medications, signs and symptoms, Labs/diagnosis and nursing intervention of hypermagnesium and hypomagnesium

Answer 1

ANSWER- HYPERMAGNESIMIA

Normal serum magnesium level - 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dl

Hypermagnesimia is an electrolyte disorder in which serum magnesium level is more than 2.6mg/dl.

• Pathophysiology / Causes of hypermagnesimia ;

1. increase intake of magnesium in diet or supplements.
2. Excessive use of magnesium salt
3. Decrease excretion by renal insufficiency​​​​​​​​​​

• ​​​​​​​Sign and Symptoms of hypermagnesimia;

1. ​​​​​​​Bradycardia
2. cardiac arrythmia
3. Decrease blood pressure due to vasodilation
4. Cardiac arrrest or respiratoy arrest
5. ECG changes - prolong PR Interval by QRS Complex

• Diagnosis of hypermagnesimia;

1. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Blood test to check the level of magnesium in blood
2. ECG

• ​​​​​​​Medication ;

1. ​​​​​​​ Administer loop diuretics
2. Administer injection calcium gluconate 10% , 10 cc over 10 minute

• Nursing Intervention;

1. ​​​​​​​ Monitor vital signs.
2. patient should be on cardiac monitor to see the ECG changes or other abnormality
3. proper administration of medication as prescribed by the doctor
4. Monitor ECG changes
5. Routinely blood test to monitor or check the level of magnesium in blood

HYPOMAGNESIMIA

Hypomagnesimia is an electrolyte disorder in which serum magnesium level is less than 1.6 mg/ dl

• pathophysiology /causes of hypomagnesimia;

1. ​​​​​​​Decrease intake of magnesium in diet
2. Malabsorption
3. use of diuretic
4. chronic alcoholism
5. malnutrition

• ​​​​​​​Sign and Symptoms of hypomagnesimia;

1. ​​​​​​​Tachycardia
2. decrease blood pressure
3. hypocalcemia
4. positive trausser's sign
5. hypokelemia

• Diagnosis of hypomagnesimia;

1. ​​​​​​​ Blood test to check the level of magnesium in blood
2. ECG

• Medication;

1. ​​​​​​​Administer oral magnesium salt
2. Injection magnesium sulphate if seizure present ( 2-4 gm over 5- 10 min)
3. Treat secondry hypocalcemia by injection calcium gluconate

• Nursing Intervention

1. ​​​​​​​ Monitor vital sign
2. monitor ECG Changes
3. patient should be cardiac monitor
4. proper administration of medication as prescribed by the doctor
5. monitor the sign and symptoms mainly for troussers sign