Ans:- off traget drug toxicity can result from the binding to an unintended receptor in an unintended tissue and the binding to an unintended receptor in an intended tissue.
For this drug are not specific enough,, enantiomers of a drug can cause off target effect.
Off-target drug toxicity can result from which of the following? (Select two answers) Binding to an...
Select one compound (drug or toxicant) that targets one of the three receptor types(G-protein coupled receptor pathway, A receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, An ion channel pathway ) and discuss the following for the selected compound: The name of the receptor involved The type of ligand that the drug or toxicant presents: Agonist, antagonist Are there natural ligands that interact with the receptor? If so explain the interaction. Provide a brief explanation of the mechanism of the cellular response upon ligand...
infants are at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following? (Select all that apply) Infants are at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Decreased liver enzymes Reduced kidney perfusion Increased stomach acid Reduced percentage of body water Reduced liver perfusion PREVIOUS
Often in target-centered drug discovery, lead compounds will go through optimization. In lead optimization, it is often possible to modify the structure of the compound to overcome deficiencies that make them poor candidates for clinical use. If a lead compound was intended to have a low Vd so that it does not distribute to many tissues within the body, which of the following properties would be undesirable for that lead compound? C High binding affinity for the molecular target High...
Drugs can have multiple drug actions in the body. For example, the drug fluticasone propionate is a steroid that can be used topically to relieve inflammation and itching associated with skin diseases such as dermatoses and psoriasis. It can also be used intranasally or orally to manage symptoms of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis and asthma. Fluticasone propionate binds to and activates the glucocorticoid receptor and also blocks the activity of an enzyme known as cytosolic phospholipase A2. Therefore, it has...
1. Protein kinases phosphorylate target enzymes and as a result enzymes become activated or inactivated. Which of the statements are TRUE? (Multiple answers: You can select more than one option) A. Phosphorylated enzymes behave like competitive inhibitors B The presence of a phosphate acts as a non-competitive inhibitor/activator. No change in Km but significant change in Vmax C. The presence of a phosphate group induces a conformational change that modifies the affinity and catalytic ability of a target enzyme D....
Two drugs (Drug A and Drug B) are being investigated for their effectiveness as anticonvulsants in the management of complex partial seizures and simple or complex absence seizures. In early preclinical development, they need to determine the affinity, efficacy, and potency for each drug. The results from the drug-receptor binding curves and the dose-response curves show that: 1) for Drug A it has a low Kd value, a high Emax, and a high EC50, and in comparison 2) Drug B...
Which of the following enzymes and its respective pathway are activated as a result of glucagon binding to its receptor in adipose tissue? glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen degradation phosphofructokinase 1 and glycolysis hormone sensitive (triacylglycerol) lipase and polysis fructose 16 bisphosphatase and gluconeogeness glycogen synthase and glycogen synthesis
The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result from all of the following except complement activation opsonization agglutination or precipitation activate T cells. neutralization of the antigen
Drugs are distributed where the blood is distributed, however certain barriers can limit drug distribution to the target site to take effect, which of the following can act as barriers to drug distribution to target site? *Hint more than one can be correct Select all that apply: lipid solubility ionization of drug blood brain barrier placenta median eminence epithelial cells on capillaries serum/depot binding
Signal amplification is an essential step in signal transduction. Which of the following steps of signal transduction amplify the signal (select all that apply)? Group of answer choices a) ligand binding to receptor b) release of GTP bound form of G protein from receptor c) binding of GTP bound form of G protein to target enzyme d) generation of second messenger by activated target enzyme e) activation of gene expression