Question

there are agents in the environment that, upon exposure, are known to increase an individual's risk of developing cancer. what are some of those agents and how do they contribute to increasing cancer risk? SC trhe Jollowing critical thinking questions. Use the Internet as a resou 1. The term neoplasm refers to tumors that are masses or growths that arise from normal tissue. A growth can occur at any time in life. Are all neoplasms life- threatening? Not all neoplasms are life threatening. Some of them are loca lized and never spread to other body parts. 2. There are agents in the environment that, upon exposure, are known to increase an individual's risk of developing cancer. What are some of those environmental agents, and how do they contribute to increasing cancer risk? 3. Radiation therapy is a way of treating cancer by irradiating the tumor with a maximal dose of ionizing radiation in order to destroy the cells. Exposure to radiation, however, poses a risk in itself for increasing the development of cancers. How does cancer therapy reconcile this risk? At high doses, radiation therapy kills cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair stop English Ued States 1388words MacBook Air

Answer 1

Cancer is caused by changes to certain genes that alter the way our cells function

Environmental factors causing cancer are:

1. Tobacco smoking: Tobacco smoke contains over fifty known carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
2. radiation, such as ultraviolet rays from the sun: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps, and tanning booths. It causes early aging of the skin that can lead to skin cancer.
3. Alcohol consumption: When liver processes alcohol, it will produce acetaldehyde which is carcinogenic. Higher exposure to acetaldehyde will induce a defect in alcohol dehydrogenase gene and tumor suppressor gene (BRCA) inactivation that can lead to the upper gastrointestinal tract, breast and liver cancers.
4. exposure to asbestos, benzene, benzidine, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, radon and vinyl chloride in the workplace can cause cancer as they alter the genetic composition of a cell. Several accumulated genetic mutations can change a normal cell to malignant one.
5. Aflatoxins are naturally made mycotoxins which are produced by Aspergillus (fungus). Aflatoxin can intercalate with chromosome DNA base pairs through its epoxide moiety. These changes can cause genetic mutations in the p53 gene. Normally, this gene can prevent cell cycle progression when there are DNA mutations or apoptosis. The codon 249 of the p53 gene seems to be susceptible to aflatoxin causing mutation than other codon.
6. Air pollution is a significant risk factor for respiratory infections, cardiac disease and lung cancer
7. Water polluted by several organic compounds such as; oil, plastics, detergents, chloroform, petroleum, polychlorinated biophenyl, fertilizer, sulfur oxide, pesticides and trichloroethylene which cause various human diseases including cancer