Question

Congn UlIHISsion 074 Cong'c es that arise in research on research to provide guidance on the ethical on human subjects. The result of the commission's work is this report, hics and elucidates which lays out a general approach to thinking about research tes the three most relevant moral principles-respect for three beneficence, and justice. chical Principles and Guidelines for Res h Involving Human Subjects partly because both often occur together (as in re- search designed to evaluate a therapy) and partly because notable departures from standard practice are often called "experimental" when the terms "experimental" and "research" are not carefully s Between Practice and A. Boundaries Research it is important to distinguish between biomedical defined. hehavioral research, on the one hand, and the For the most part, the term "practice" refers to of accepted therapy on the other, in order activities ought to undergo review for interventions that are designed solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client that have a reasonable expectation of success. The purpose of medical or behavioral practice is to provide diagnosis, preventive treatment or therapy to particular individuals. By contrast, the term "research" designates an activity designed to test an hypothesis, permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge (expressed, for example, in theories ce heprotection of human subjects of research. The distinction between research and practice is blurred rom The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelinesu for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research (April 18 1979), The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, p/ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/belmont.html

Answer 1

1.Yes, the ethical components are identified in the Belmont report universal principles of human life. Belmont Report was published in 1979. Commissioned by the US Government in response to ethical failures in medical research, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Belmont Report was written by a panel of experts and proposes three principles that should underlying the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects:

1) Respect for persons; 2) Beneficence; and 3) Justice.

2. Yes it is ethical to offer potentially life saving medical care to individuals on condition of their participating in clinical trials because first of its the human right of an individual to get the treatment and secondly it's the law based on ethical principles to provide treatment to the subjects who are participating in the trials and this law is the Belmont report which clearly states that the participants in the trial should not be harmed .

3. Yes ,as an ethical matter potential treatment should be tested against a placebo or against the best existing treatment method available because it's about the human life . Any treatment given ,to the patients must be first checked by conducting experiment to know it's advantages and disadvantages or the good and bad effects on humans,because these treatments might have severe side effects and will be fatal also.

4. Yes, the researcher has the ethical duty to provide subjects and their communities the results of the study because the use of the results will be done only when the population is aware of the results and also they have the right to know the results because they were the subjects in the study .