compare and contrast the differences between a
cohort study and an experimental study approach.
Ans) Experimental studies compared to
cohort studies:
1. Similarities between cohort and experimental studies.
Both:
a. Subjects must be free of the outcome at the start of the
study.
b. People are grouped into “exposed”/ “not exposed”
categories.
c. Groups are followed for a period of time to determine
outcome.
d. Yield incidence data so allow the calculation of risk and
related measures.
e. Susceptible to lost -follow-up bias. up bias.
2. Differences between cohort and experimental studies:
a. Experimental studies involve active manipulation of exposure
(treatment/alternative treatment), whereas in
cohort studies, the investigator must merely observe the effect of
exposure.
b. Random allocation (or randomization) is an essential part of a
good experimental study. Not possible in a cohort.
c. Ethical issues often a major issue in experimental
epidemiological studies.
d. Compliance with study protocol is an important concern in
experimental studies.
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