Question

Please write 1 paragraph for each of the following, and each paragraph shall be no more than 6 sentences.

*** Minus 1 point for extra long paragraphs or over 9 sentences.

1. Compare two types of Hepatitis. (Makes sure to include type, mode of transmission, incubation period, symptoms, treatment and complications)

2. Discuss 3 key points of Cystic Fibrosis.

3. What does BMI address?

4. What is the BMI range for underweight, normal weight, overweight & obesity?

Answer 1

1. Hepatitis is inflammation of liver cells. It is commonly caused by virus but sometimes the cause can be autoimmune disorder or drug or toxin induced. The infectious hepatitis which is caused by viral infection is classified into five types, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E. The non - infectious hepatitis are autoimmune hepatitis and alcohol and other toxin induced hepatitis.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis A is caused by hepatitis A virus and the mode of transmission is through faeco - oral route( contaminated food and water). The incubation period of virus is 2 - 4 weeks. The symptoms include fever, nausea, fatigue, loss of appetite and jaundice. The complications are autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis and rarely acute renal failure. The treatment focused on treating symptoms of hepatitis A. It usually resolve itself without treatment within 4- 8 weeks.

Hepatitis B is caused by Hepatitis B virus and the route of transmission is through parentral route.( contact with contaminated blood, saliva, semen and vaginal secretions).The incubation period of virus is about 30 - to 180 days. The symptoms includes Nausea, fatigue, anorexia, muscle pain, dark urine,  mayalgia etc.The complications are Liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer and the treatment usually used by any viral medications.

2. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease due to the mutation of Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator ( CfTR) gene. The result in CFTR genes leads to abnormal transport of sodium and chloride ions across the cells which increase the salt content and reduce the water level in the body. This gives a salty skin which is the major sign of confirmation of cystic fibrosis. The impact of cystic fibrosis is seen mostly in respiratory, genital, and gastrointestinal systems. The mucus become thicker than normal and block the airways which cause infection and inflammation of lung tissue and leads bronchiectasis. Thick mucus in digestive system rreduce the digetion and absorption and cause malnutrition and thick secretions in genital system cause infertility.

3. Body mass index (BMI)address the health status of an individual according to weight. The weight of an individual is calculated in relation to the height and weight and defines the underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. It is calculated as weight in kilograms (kg) divided by height in meters square and expressed in units of kg/m².

4.

	Body mass index (BMI) range
Underweight	less than 18.5 kg/m²
Normal weight / Healthy weight	18.5 to 24.9 kg/m²
Overweight	25 to 29.9 kg/m²
Obesity	30 kg/m² or higher