Question

tabs)

1. Compare two types of Hepatitis. (Makes sure to include type, mode of transmission, incubation period, symptoms, treatment and complications)

2. Discuss 3 key points of Cystic Fibrosis.

3. What does BMI address?

4. What is the BMI range for underweight, normal weight, overweight & obesity?

Answer 1

Hepatitis is the inflammation of liver due to infectious or non - infectious causes which is characterized by liver enlargement, jaundice and fever. The infectious causes are virus and non infectious cause are autoimmune disease or drug or alcohol induced.

1. Comparison of two types of Hepatitis

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus and the mode of transmission is through parenteral route contamiated blood, saliva, genital secretions and placental transmission.The incubation period is 4 - 26 weeks with an average of 13 weeks.The symptoms include fever, malaise, nausea, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and joint pain. Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer are two major complications. The treatment can be done by antiviral medications.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis c is caused by hepatitis c virus. The mode of transmission is parentral route. The incubation period is 2 - 20 weeks. The acute symptoms are rare but can develop fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite. The complications are very rare even though, if left untreated it may leads to renal damage, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, and cirrhosis. The infections can be treated with anti viral medications.

2. Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis is an ‎autosomal recessive‎ disorder which is also known as ‎mucoviscidosis that affect the secretory epithelia in the body due to mutation of  the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. It affect the chloride ion carrying transporter protein of the epithelial cells which cause defect in chloride ion transportation across the plasma membrane. This cause increased perspiration due to dysfunction of sweat glands in the skin and gives a classic sign of salty skin or increased sodium chloride accumulation in skin surface. As the airway lining contain large amount of secretory epthelia, the disease cause increased secretion and accumulation of mucus in the respiratory tract and leads to lung infection, inflammation and lung tissue damage. As it is seen in digestive tract, the formation of thick mucus cause clogging of bile ducts and pancreatic ducts which leads to malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies. It also affect the reproductive system. Due to increased thick mucus secretion and plug formation in the vaginal opening, it prevent the entry of sperms in females. In males, it obstruct the ductus deferens leads to infertility.

3. Body Mass Index

Body mass index address the weight categories which may leads to health problems. It is measured by using a formula in relation to a persons height and weight.  The formula is, weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters and the unit is kg/m²

4.   

If  BMI range is less than 18.5 kg/m²  then - Underweight

If  BMI range 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m² then - Normal weigh/ Healthy weight

If  BMI range 25 to 29.9 kg/m² then - Overweight

  If  BMI range 30 kg/m² or higher   then, Obesity