Question

1. describe how water moves throughout the body
2. explain how edema occurs and what the clinical manifestations are
3.explain how water balance is maintained in the body
4.

5.) Complete the following table: Lab values How it occurs (causes) What it looks like (clinical Treatment Electrolyte Alteration manifestations) Hypernatremia Serum sodium 147 Woter deprivation/water Thirst, fever, dry mucous membranes, isotonic, salt-free fluid loss OR sodium retention | hypotension, tachycardia, low JVP, water shifting to extracellular space intracellular dehydrationcoma, convulsions, and cerebral and shrinking mEqi restlessness. With CNS impacted: muscle twitching, hyperrefiexia, confusion, hemorrhage Hyponatremia Hyperchloremia Hypochloremia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hyperphsophatemia Hypophosphatemia Hypermagnesemia Hypomagenesemia

Answer 1

1. Water moves in body in the form of blood.When we drink water it enters into stomach, from there to small intestine and from there it travels to all cells of the body.

2. EDEMA : Edema occurs due to excessive accumulation of fluid in the body, which is caused by any injury or inflammation.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF EDEMA : Swelling of tissues mainly on legs and hands, shiny skin and pitted skin over affected areas.

3. Water balance is maintained in the body by intake of of sufficient water to prevent dehydration. Water intake should equal water loss. Daily requirement of water intake is 2 - 3 liters of water.

4. HYPONATREMIA :

Lab value - less than 135 mEq/l

Causes - 1. Drinking more water than required

2. Diuretics usage

3. Harmonal imbalances in body

Clinical manifestations- Decreased urine output, confusion, weakness

Treatment - IV sodium administration, more amount of liquids.