Question

Hs and Ts of causes of cardiac arrest:

H: hypothermia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypoxia, hypocolumia

T: myocardial thrombus, pulmonary thrombus, toxin, tamponade, tension pneumothorax

Please explain each one of them in details

Provide examples for each one of them

Answer 1

5H's :-

Hypothermia-  body temperature of less than 35 degrees Celsius is called hypothermia .

Hyperkalemia - means potassium level more than 5.1 mEq/ l

Hypokalemia - means potassium level less than 3.5mEq/l

Hypoxia - lack of oxygen delivery to the vital organs

Hypovolemia- lack of circulating body fluids , principally blood volume .

5T's :-

Myocardial thrombus means a thrombus occludes the blood supply to the myocardium and cause myocardial infarction

Toxin or tablets like aspirin ,digoxin , calcium channel blockers , tranquilizer etc

Cardiac tamponade - is a condition in which blood or other fluids build up in the pericardium and puts pressure on the heart and heart is unable to beat .

Tension pneumothorax - The build-up of air into one of the pleural cavities, which causes a mediastinal shift.

Pulmonary embolism - means an emboli or clot blocked the arteries which supplies the lungs and causes respiratory distress .