Question

The digestive system plays a critical role in how our body takes in and processes food. Organs of the digestive system are usually referred to as "your gut". It's also the beginning of the process in which our body receives nourishment. Understanding this process can be helpful when communicating with patients or when analyzing charts for assigning the correct medical codes. If you had to explain the point at which the digestive process actually begins and one related disease or disorder, how would you describe it? Be sure to use your medical terms!

In 300 words no copying or pasting
Thanks

Answer 1

The nutritional and gastrointestinal system is a long, hollow tube. Ingested content passes through mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.

Food is chewed (mastication ) with saliva in the mouth and swallowef.It enters in esophagus through pharynx. The upper esophagus has voluntary muscle and lower third has smooth muscle. The upper esophagus prevent entry of tracheal air and lower prevent the reflux of gastric content (aspiration).

The stomach consists of fundus, body and antrum.Food stored and mixed in fundus and body for 1hour.During this time fat float and liquid settle in the bottom. The liquid absorbed through the intestine.

The small intestine divided in to duodenum, jejunum and ileum.Duodenum and jejunum are major sites of digestion and absorption. Pancreatic, biliary duct carry digestive enzyme, bicarbonate and bile which enter in to duodenum. Microvilli of small intestine enhance the absorption of food.

The non absorbed content called chyme passes in to large intestine through ileocecal valve. Large intestine consists o cecum, colon(ascending, transverse, discending and sigmoid colon) and rectum.An internal sphincter and external sphincter help the expulsion of feces.(defecation)

GERD(Gastroesophagal reflux disease )

It is a chronic digestive disease due to back flow if gastric and duodenal content in to the esophagus.

Etiology

• Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter.

Clinical manifestation

• Heart burn
• Regurgitation
• Dysphagia(difficulty in swallowing )
• Odynophagia(painful swallowing )

Diagnostic measures

• Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Management

Therapeutic position : Reverse trenelenburg position

Therapeutic diet

• Low fat, high protein, high fiber diet.
• Eat small and frequent diet.
• Avoid beverages like coffee, carbonated drinks and alcohol.

Medication

• Antacids
• H2receptor antagonist (Rantac 120mg twice daily )
• Protonpump inhibitor (pantoprezol 40mg)
• Metochlorpromide

Surgery

• Nissan fundoplication

Nursing management

• Instruct to elevate head end of bed by 4-6inches and avoid lying down for 2hours after meal.
• Avoid food at late night.