Question

List 1) injury/illness, 2) mechanism of injury, 3) signs/symptoms, and 4) emergency care for each of the following situations:

Strain

Sprain

Cramp

Dislocation

Broken bone

Head injury

Answer 1

1)Strain:is an acute or chronic injury to the muscle tissue caused due to over stretching due to any sports activity,heavy weight lifting,poor body mechanics .signs and symptoms of strain is acute pain ,redness, inflammation at the sight.sometimes the pain can be spread to larger area .it can swelling at times.Emergency care in a strain is to apply a covering or padding over the soft tissue to protect further insults .followed by ice application to reduce inflammation,crepe bandage for immobilization and reduce swelling.The patient can take over the counter Non steroidal antiinflammatories like serratia peptidase.

2)Sprain:It is an acute injury caused to ligament injury or tear mostly occuring at a joint .it is caused due to over stretching or overuse.during a sports activity.when the muscle is weak and ligaments are fatigued it can cause ligament tear.signs and symptoms are pain,bruising at the site,edema,warmth. Emergency care can include Ice application to reduce inflammation, immobilization,elevate the affected limb,use of NSAIDS.

3)Cramps :These are sudden muscular spasms caused due to spasms of muscles by exercise or strenuous activities..the signs and symptoms include Acute pain of the limbs with a visible muscular movement,not able to move in range of motion.emergency care include rest,ice application and NSAIDS.

4) Dislocation:It is an acute episode when a socket joint comes out of the ball like shoulder joint,femur joint.when the bone is dislocated due to strenou activity,trauma, accident.Signs and symptoms include Acute pain,bruise and dialigned bone ,redness, inflammation, swelling.The emergency care includes immobilization by use of sling, then the patient should be taken to an emergency department to fix the dislocated joint.